Monitoring blood biochemical indices during the lactogenesis and galactopoiesis stages in female dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

MARIA  CHIKHA; TAREK  KHENENOU; DJALEL EDDINE  GHERISSI; NAIFAL-GABRI; NACIRA  RAMDANI; SOUNDES  AKRICHE; MOUANE  AICHA; SABRY MOHAMED  EL-BAHR

doi:10.56093/ijans.v95i2.156789

Authors

MARIA CHIKHA Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University - Souk Ahras, BP 41000 Souk- Ahras, Algeria
TAREK KHENENOU Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University - Souk Ahras, BP 41000 Souk- Ahras, Algeria
DJALEL EDDINE GHERISSI Biotechnologies and Health, University of Souk-Ahras, BP 41000 Souk-Ahras, Algeria
NAIFAL-GABRI Thamar University, Yemen
NACIRA RAMDANI Regional Veterinary Laboratory of El Oued, National Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria
SOUNDES AKRICHE Saint-Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
MOUANE AICHA University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
SABRY MOHAMED EL-BAHR Alexandria University, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v95i2.156789

Keywords:

Antepartum, Camels, Metabolites, Postpartum

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the changes of biochemical blood parameters in female dromedary camels during lactogenesis and galactopoiesis in Algeria. Therefore, 56 serum samples were collected from females (monthly) for last four months antepartum (AP) and the first four months postpartum (PP) and biochemical profiles were investigated. The data were statistically analyzed using General Linear Model with repeated measures and Benferroni test as post-hoc test. Glucose increased significantly at the third month PP, with sudden decrease after that. Triglycerides peaked significantly in second month PP compared to fourth month PP and first month AP. Cholesterol elevated significantly at the third month PP comparatively to the first months AP and PP. Low-density lipoprotein increased significantly substantially from the second to the fourth month PP. High-density lipoprotein lowered significantly in the first month AP to rise substantially at third month PP. Calcium increased considerably from second to third months PP. A significant difference of iron was marked between the third month AP and the fourth month PP. Urea dropped abruptly at first month PP and elevated considerably in the second month PP. Creatinine marked a substantial rise from third to first month AP to decrease afterward. It increased significantly at third months PP compared to antepartum period. ALT indices of second month AP decreased notably in the second month PP. These findings indicate that lactogenesis and galactopoiesis period have substantial impacts on metabolites, proteins, hepatic enzymes, and minerals in the blood of female camels.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmad I, Gohar A, Ahmad N and Ahmad M. 2003. Haematological profile in cyclic, non-cyclic and endometritic cross-bred cattle. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5:332-34.

Ahmadpour A, Christensenb R G, Zarrinc M, Malekjahanid F and Farjooda F. 2019. Study of the circulatory energy balance indicators and hepatic fat content in dromedary camel during late pregnancy and early lactation. Small Ruminant Research 179:14-20.

Akers R M and Capuco A V. 2002. Lactation | Lactogenesis. In: Fuquay J W, Fox P F, McSweeney P L H, editors. Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences 2nd ed.

Alessandra G, Alessandra B, Veronica R, Laura V and Graziano D C. 2011. Triglyceride metabolism in pregnancy. Advances in Clinical Chemistry 55:133-53

Antunovic Z, Novoselec J, Sauerwein H, Speranda M, Vegara M and Pavic V. 2011. Blood metabolic profile and some of hormones concentration in ewes during different physiological status. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 17:687-95.

Arfuso F, Fazio F, Levanti M, Rizzo M, Pietro S D, Giudice E and Piccione G. 2016. Lipid and lipoprotein profile changes in dairy cows in response to late pregnancy and the early postpartum period. Archives Animal Breeding 59:429-34.

Ayoub M A, El-Khouly A A and Mohamed T M. 2003. Some hematological, biochemical, and steroid hormone levels in one-humped camels during different physiological conditions. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 15:44-55.

Bengoumi M, Faye B and Farge F. 1997. Clinical enzymology in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Part II. Effect of season, age, sex, castration, lactation, and pregnancy on serum AST, ALT, GGT, AP, and LDH activities. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 4: 25-29.

Bengoumi M. 1992. Biochimie clinique du dromadaire et mécanismes de son adaptation à la déshydratation. Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences Agronomiques, IAV Hassan-II, Rabat, Maroc. 178 p.

Ben-Romdhane S M, Romdhan N, Feki M, Sanhagi H and Kaabachi N. 2003. Blood biochemistry in dromedary (Camelus dromedarius). Revue Médicale Vétérinaire 154:695-702.

Bhargara A K, Mehrotra P N and Banerjee S. 1964. Biochemical studies on Indian camels V. Serum protein and their variation with age, sex, pregnancy, rut, and infection. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 2: 52-4.

Chergui M, Titaouine T and Gherissi D E. 2023. Descriptive typology and structural analysis of camel farms in the region of El Oued, Algeria. Genetics and Biodiversity Journal 7: 69- 87.

Chikha M, Khenenou T, Gherissi D E, Mayouf R, Rahmoun D E, Al-Gabri N, Ramdani N, Abu-Sulik A, Aidoudi H, El-Bahr S M. 2024. Lactation related changes of hematological parameters of female dromedary camels reared under semi- intensive farming system in Algerian extreme arid region. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 31: 25-8.

Chikha M and Faye B. 2025. Camel milk: White gold and its contribution to the sustainable development goals—A review. Outlook on Agriculture 54: 42–54.

El Sayed A A. 2020. Evaluation of hematological and biochemical changes in dromedary camel during the different stages of lactation. Mansoura Veterinary Medicine Journal 21: 121-4.

El-Belely M S, Abou-Ahmed M M, Hemeida N A and El- Baghdady Y R M. 1988. The effect of pregnancy on certain serum organic constituents in the camel. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 20: 148-59.

Elias E and Yagil R. 1984. Haematological and serum biochemical values in lactating camels (Camelus dromedarius) and their newborn. Refereed Veterinary Journal 41: 7-13.

El-Zahar H, Zaher H, Alkablawy A, Al-Sharifi S and Swelum A. 2017. Monitoring the changes in certain hematological and biochemical parameters in camels (Camelus dromedarius) during the postpartum period. Journal of Fertility Biomarkers 47: 2576-2818.

Faye B and Bengoumi M. 2018. Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology. Springer International Publication. 346 p.

Friedewald W T, Levy R I and Fredrickson D S. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without the use of preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry 18: 499-502.

Ghio A, Bertolotto A, Resi V, Volpe Land Cianni G D. 2011. Triglyceride metabolism in pregnancy. Advances in Clinical Chemistry 55: 133-53.

Grummer R R. 1993. Etiology of lipid-related metabolic disorders in periparturient dairy cows. Research Journal of Dairy Science 76: 3882-96.

Hussein M F, Salah M S, Mogawer H H and Gar El-Nabi A R. 1992. Effect of lactation on the haemogram and certain blood constituents of the dromedary camel. Journal of Applied Animal Research 1:43-50.

Hussein Y A, Al-Eknah M M, AL-Shami S A, Mandour M A and Fouda T A. 2012. Coat color breed variation in blood constituents among indigenous Saudi Arabian camel strains. Mansoura Veterinary Medicine Journal 14: 191-204.

John W F. 2011. Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences. Science Direct. Khadjeh G H. 2002. Concentration of serum enzymes in pregnant and non-pregnant Iranian one-humped camels. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 72: 391-2.

Kirsten J W, Beverley S, Beatrice K, Maurice B S, Andrew T H and Timothy M F. 2003. Genetic variants in apolipoprotein AV alter triglyceride concentrations in pregnancy. Lipids in Health and Disease 2: 9.

Kuria S G, Tura I A, Amboga S and Walaga H K. 2013. Status of minerals in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in north-eastern Kenya as evaluated from the blood plasma. Livestock Research for Rural Development 25(8): 149.

Kurpińska A K, Jarosz A, Ożgo M and Skrzypczak W F. 2015. Changes in lipid metabolism during the last month of pregnancy and the first two months of lactation in primiparous cows – analysis of apolipoprotein expression pattern and changes in the concentration of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18: 291– 98.

Mazur A, Gueux E, Chilliard Y and Rayssiguier Y. 1988. Changes in plasma lipoproteins and liver fat content in dairy cows during early lactation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 59: 233–37.

Miyamoto T, Sugiyama Y, Sugiyama Y, Suzuki J, Oohashi T and Takahashi Y. 2006. Determination of bovine serum low- density lipoprotein cholesterol using the N-geneous method. Veterinary Research Communications 30:467–74.

Mohammed A K, Sackey A K B, Tekdek L B and Gefu J O. 2007. Serum biochemical values of healthy adult one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) introduced into a sub-humid climate in Shika-Zaria, Nigeria. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 14:191–4.

Moorej H and Christiwe W. 1988. Lipid metabolism in ruminant animals. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 41:287-293.

Muhammad B F, Aliyu D, Njidda A A and Madigawa I L. 2011. Some haematological, biochemical and hormonal profile of pregnant and non-pregnant she-camels (Camelus dromedarius) raised in a Sudan savanna zone in Nigeria. Camel Practice and Research 18: 73–77.

Musaad A, Bernard F and Abu Nikhela A. 2013. Lactation curves of dairy camels in an intensive system. Tropical Animal Health and Production 45:1039-46.

Nagy P and Juhász J. 2019. Pregnancy and parturition in dromedary camels I. Factors affecting gestation length, calf birth weight and timing of delivery. Theriogenology 134: 24- 33.

Naji H A, Rhyaf A G, ALyasari N K H and Al-Karagoly H. 2024. Assessing serum vaspin dynamics in dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation in relation to negative energy balance. Dairy 5(1):229-238.

Omidi A, Sajedi Z, Torbati M and Mostafai M. 2014. Metabolic profile of pregnant, non-pregnant, and male two-humped camels (Camelus bactrianus) of Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 8: 235–42.

Omidi A, Sajedi Z, Torbati M B M and Nik H A. 2014. Lipid profile and thyroid hormone status in the last trimester of pregnancy in single-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius). Tropical Animal Health and Production 46: 609-14.

Osman T E A and Al-Busadah K A. 2000. Effects of age and lactation on some biochemical constituents of camel blood in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Camel Practice and Research. 7: 149–152.

Pillay J and Davis T J. 2023. Physiology, lactation. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan.

Rezakhani A, Habiabadi S N and Ghojogh M M. 1997. Studies on normal haematological and biochemical parameters of Turkmen Camel in Iran. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 4: 41-4.

Saeed A, Khan I A and Hussein M M. 2009. Change in biochemical profile of pregnant camels (Camelus dromedarius) at term. Comparative Clinical Pathology 18: 139–43.

Sajjan S, Dedar R K, Legha R A, Bala P A and Patil N V. 2015. Minerals and electrolytes profile in lactating and pregnant Indian camels. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 22: 121-4.

Seboussi R, Faye B and Alhadrami G. 2004. Facteurs de variation de quelques éléments trace (sélénium, cuivre, zinc) et d’enzymes témoins de la souffrance musculaire (CPK, ALT et AST) dans le sérum du dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius) aux Emirats Arabes Unis. Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux 57: 87–94.

Singh S, Dedar R K, Legha R A, Bala P A and Patil N V. 2015. Minerals and electrolytes profile in lactating and pregnant Indian camels. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 22: 121–4.

Turk R, Juretic D, Geres D, Turk N, Rekic B, Simeon-Rudolf V and Svetina A. 2004. Serum paraoxonase activity and lipid parameters in the early postpartum period of dairy cows. Research in Veterinary Science 76: 57–61.

Vyas S, Saini N, Kiradoo B D, Lukha A, Kishore N, Mal G and Pathak K M L. 2011. Biochemical and trace mineral profile in post-parturient dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 81: 586–7.

Wernery U. 2006. Camel milk, the white gold of the desert. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 13:15–26.

Zhang S, Yu B, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Shi L and Chen H. 2022. Assessment of hematologic and biochemical parameters for healthy commercial pigs in China. Animals 12(18): 2464.