Assessment of the relationship of number of sertoli cells with number of germ cells, spermatogenic activity and germ cell apoptosis rates in bullsusing different regression models

YAMINA  BELKHIRI; SOUHEYLA  BENBIA; RAMZI  LAMRAOUI

doi:10.56093/ijans.v95i4.159383

Authors

YAMINA BELKHIRI University of Batna 2, 05078, Algeria
SOUHEYLA BENBIA University of Batna 2, 05078, Algeria
RAMZI LAMRAOUI University of Batna 2, 05078, Algeria

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v95i4.159383

Keywords:

Bull, Nonlinear regression, Spermatogenetic activity, Sertoli cells

Abstract

This study aimed to model the quantities of germ cells, Leydig cells, and spermatogenic activity in relation to Sertoli cell numbers in bulls. Histological and histometric methods were used to process left testes of 36 bulls. Prediction models were constructed using both linear and non-linear regression. Standard error (SE), coefficient of correlation (r), R-squared (R²), mean squared error (MSE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) statistics were used to identify the optimal model. Statistical analysis revealed that, except for Leydig cell counts, Sertoli cell numbers may predict the overall composition of testicular cells. Spermatogenic activity and Sertoli cell count are most accurately correlated using nonlinear models. Total Sertoli cell numbers contributed to modest variance in germ cell apoptosis rates during meiosis (13.6%) and post-meiotic germ cell loss rates (7.90%), but these associations were not statistically significant. Cubic models were the best fit for describing the relationship between testicular morphometric parameters and Sertoli cells numbers (X). However, the diameter of seminiferous tubules (Y) was more accurately described by a growth model, represented by the equation Y=e^{(5.428+(0.022*X)}. It can be recommended that the non-linear model using the Sertoli cells numbers as the predictive biomarkers can be used for predicting bull’s spermatogenetic activity.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Belkhiri Y, Benbia S and Djaout A. 2021. Age related changes in testicular histomorphometry and spermatogenic activity of bulls. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 72: 3139-46.

Berndtson W E, Igboeli G and Pickett BW. 1987. Relationship of absolute numbers of Sertoli cells to testicular size and spermatogenesis in young beef bulls. Journal of Animal Science 64: 241-46.

Berndtson W E and Jones L S. 1989. Relationship of intratesticular testosterone content of stallions to age, spermatogenesis, Sertoli cell distribution and germ-Sertoli cell ratios. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 85: 511-18.

de Kretser D M, Loveland K and O’Bryan M. 2016. Spermatogenesis, Seventh Ed. ed, Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric. Elsevier 1: 2325 – 2353.

De Rooij D G and Russell L D. 2000. All you wanted to know about spermatogonia but were afraid to ask. Journal of Andrology 21: 776-98.

França L R and Russell L D. 1998. The Testis of Domestic Animals. In: Regadera, J. and Martinez-Garcia, F., Eds., Male Reproduction: A Multidisciplinary Overview Churchill Livingstone Madrid: 197-219.

França L R, Nóbrega R H, Morais R D V S, De Castro Assis L H and Schulz R W. 2015. Sertoli cell structure and function in anamniote vertebrates. In Sertoli Cell Biology 385-407.

Gurgel A L C, dos Santos Difante G, Ítavo L C V, Neto J V E, Ítavo C C B F, Fernandes P B, Costa C M, da Silva Roberto F F, Chay-Canul A J. 2023. Aspects related to the importance of using predictive models in sheep production. Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Pecuarias 14: 204-27.

Hess R A and De Franca L R. 2008. Spermatogenesis and cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 636: 1-15.

Hochereau-de Reviers M T, Courot M, Perreau C and Pisselet C. 1978. Sertoli cells and development of seminiferous epithelium. Annales De Biologie Animale, Biochimie, Biophysique 18:573-83.

Hodson T O. 2022. Root-mean-square error (RMSE) or mean absolute error (MAE): when to use them or not. Geoscientific Model Development 15: 5481–87.

Hussain H, Saeed S, Idris A, Awan I, Arif Shah S, Majid A, Ahmed B and Chaudhary Q A. 2019. Regression analysis for detecting epileptic seizure with different feature extracting strategies. Biomedical Engineering 64(6): 619-42.

Hutchison G R, Scott H M, Walker M, McKinnell C, Ferrara D, Mahood I K and Sharpe R M. 2008. Sertoli cell development and function in an animal model of testicular dysgenesis syndrome. Biology of Reproduction 78: 352-60.

Karmore S K, Bhamburkar R V, Dalvp R S, Banubakode S B and Nandeshwar N C. 2003. Histomorphology of testis of goat (Capra hircus). Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 73(2): 187- 89.

Lara N L M, Costa G M J, Figueiredo AFA and de França L R. 2018. The Sertoli cell: What can we learn from different vertebrate models? Animal Reproduction 16: 81–92.

Latimer F G, Wilson L L, Cain M F and Stricklin W R. 1982. Scrotal measurements in beef bulls: heritability estimates, breed and test station effects. Journal of Animal Science 54: 473-79.

Mizuno K, Shiratsuchi A, Masamune Y and Nakanishi Y. 1996. The role of Sertoli cells in the differentiation and exclusion of rat testicular germ cells in primary culture. Cell Death & Differentiation 3: 119-23.

Nakanishi Y and Shiratsuchi A. 2004. Phagocytic removal of apoptotic spermatogenic cells by sertoli cells: Mechanisms and consequences. Cell Death Differ 3: 119–123.

O’Donnell L, Smith LB and Rebourcet D. 2022. Sertoli cells as key drivers of testis function. Semin. Cell & Developmental Biology 121: 2–9.

Onyutha C. 2020. From R-squared to coefficient of model accuracy for assessing “goodness-of-fits. Geoscientific Model Development: 1-25.

Orth J M, Gunsalus G L and Lamperti A A. 1988. Evidence from sertoli cell-depleted rats indicates that spermatid number in adults depends on numbers of sertoli cells produced during perinatal development. Endocrinology 122: 787-94.

Petersen P M, Seierøe K and Pakkenberg B. 2015. The total number of Leydig and Sertoli cells in the testes of men across various age groups - a stereological study. Journal of Anatomy 226: 175-79.

Rebourcet D, O’Shaughnessy P J, Pitetti J L, Monteiro A, O’Hara L, Milne L, Tsai Y T, Cruickshanks L, Riethmacher D, Guillou F, Mitchell R T, Hof R, Freeman T C, Nef S and Smith L B. 2014. Sertoli cells control peritubular myoid cell fate and support adult leydig cell development in the prepubertal testis. Development 141: 2139-49.

Russell L D and Peterson RN. 1984. Determination of the elongate spermatid-Sertoli cell ratio in various mammals. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 70: 635-41.

Russell L D, Warren J, Debeljuk L, Richardson L L, Mahar P L, Waymire K G, Amy S P, Ross A J and MacGregor G R. 2001. Spermatogenesis in Bclw-deficient mice. Biology Reproduction 65: 318–32.

Tripathi U K, Chhillar S, Kumaresan A, Aslam M K M, Rajak S K and Nayak S. 2015. Morphometric evaluation of seminiferous tubule and proportionate numerical analysis of Sertoli and spermatogenic cells indicate differences between crossbred and purebred bulls. Veterinary World 8: 645-50.