Molecular detection of food-borne Aeromonas species
201 / 73
Authors
-
S Ghatak
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
-
R K Agarwal
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
-
K N Bhilegaonkar
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
-
J P S Gill
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
Keywords:
Aeromonas, Detection, Food, MolecularAbstract
The members of the genus Aeromonas have emerged as an important food-borne pathogen that pose many challenges to the scientific community. Difficulties regarding aeromonads involve its debated taxonomy, true role as pathogen and detection, particularly from foods. Various conventional techniques involving culture media and broths have been devised for identification form foods and immunological techniques viz. ELISA protocols have been standardized. Due to shortcomings of these methodologies molecular techniques were explored. These included nucleic acid hybridization probes, various formats of PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism, amplified fragment length polymorphism, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, real time PCR, sequence analysis, DNA microarray technique, etc. Many of these modern assays have been promising, indicating that future detection paradigm for detection of Aeromonas will predominantly be based on molecular techniques. In this communication we have attempted to review these available molecular tools for detection of aeromonads from foods.
Downloads
References
Abdullah A I, Hart C A and Winstanley C. 2003. Molecular characterization and distribution of virulence-associated genes amongst Aeromonas isolates from Libya. Journal of Applied Microbiology 95:1001–07.
Abott S L, Cheung W K W and Janda J M. 2003. The genus Aeromonas: Biochemical characteristics atypical reactions and phenotypic identification schemes. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41: 2348–57.
Abubakar I, Irvine L, Aldus C F, Wyatt G M, Fordham R, Schelenz S, Shepstone L, Howe A, Peck M and Hunter P R. 2007. A systematic review of the clinical, public health and cost- effectiveness of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection and identification of bacterial intestinal pathogens in faeces and food. Health Technology Assessment 11:1–216.
Agarwal R K, Bhilegaonkar K N, Noubade R and Purshottam. 2003. Detection of hemolytic Aeromonas hydrophila from foods by polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Veterinary Public Health 1: 97–101.
Agarwal R K, Kapoor K N, Ashok Kumar and Bhilegaonkar K N. 2000. Aeromonads in foods of animal origin. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 70 (9): 942–43.
Aguilera-Arreola M G, Hernández-Rodríguez C, Zúñiga G, Figueras M J, Castro-Escarpulli G. 2005. Aeromonas hydrophila clinical and environmental ecotypes as revealed by genetic diversity and virulence genes. FEMS Microbiology Letters 242:231–40.
Ahmed W, Huygens F, Goonetilleke A and Gardner T. 2008. Real- time PCR detection of pathogenic microorganisms in roof- harvested rainwater in Southeast Queensland Australia. Applied Environmental Microbiology 74: 5490–96.
Alavandi S V, Ananthan S and Pramod N P. 2001. Typing of Aeromonas isolates from children with diarrhoea and water samples by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction and whole cell protein fingerprinting. Indian Journal of Medical Research 113: 85–97.
Alperi A, Figueras M J, Inza I, Martinez-Murcia A J. 2008. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene mutations in a subset of Aeromonas strains and their impact in species delineation. International Microbiology 11: 185–94.
Balcázar J L, Vendrell D, de Blas I, Ruiz-Zarzuela I, Gironés O and Múzquiz J L. 2007. Quantitative detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissue by real-time PCR using self-quenched, fluorogenic primers. Journal of Medical Microbiology 56: 323– 28.
Baloda S B, Krovacek K, Eriksson L, Linne T and Mansson T. 1995. Detection of aerolysin gene in Aeromonas strains isolated from drinking water, fish and foods by the polymerase chain reaction. Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 18: 17–26.
Bloom H G and Bottone E J. 1990. Aeromonas hydrophila diarrhoea in a long-term care setting. Journal of American Geriatric Society 38: 804–806.
Bonadonna L, Briancesco R, Filetici E, Manuppella A, Pourshaban M and Semproni M. 2002. Genomic heterogeneity of environmental and clinical aeromonads. New Microbiology 25: 21–29.
Borch E, Nesbakken T and Christensen H. 1996. Hazard identification in swine slaughter with respect to food-borne bacteria. International Journal of Food Microbiology 30: 9– 25.
Borrell N, Acinas S G, Figueras M J and Murcia A J M. 1997. Identification of Aeromonas clinical isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35: 1671–74.
Brescia C C, Griffin S M, Ware M W, Varughese E A, Egorov A I and Villegas E N. 2009. Cryptosporidium propidium monoazide- PCR, a molecular biology-based technique for genotyping of viable cryptosporidium oocysts. Applied Environmental Microbiology 75: 6856–63.
Buchanan R L. 1984. The new pathogens. An update of selected examples. Association of Food Drug Officials Quarterly Bulletin 48: 142–55.
Burke V, Gracey M, Robinson J, Peck D, Beaman J and Bundell C. 1983. The microbiology of childhood gastroenteritis: Aeromonas species and other infective agents. Journal of Infectious Diseases 148: 68–74.
Callister S M and Agger W A. 1987. Enumeration and characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas caviae isolated from grocery store produce. Applied Environmental Microbiology 53: 249–54.
Cantoni C, Stella S and Amendola F. 2002. An outbreak of toxi- infection caused by high quantity of Aeromonas hydrophila. Industrie Alimentarie 41: 798–801.
Chacón M R, Figueras M J, Castro-Escarpulli G, Soler L and Guarro J. 2003. Distribution of virulence genes in clinical and environmental isolates of Aeromonas spp. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 84: 269–78.
Champsaur H, Adremont A, Matthieu D, Rottman E and Anzepy P. 1982. Cholera-like illness due to Aeromonas sobria. Journal of Infectious Diseases 145: 248–54.
Chang Y C, Wang J Y, Selvam A, Kao S C, Yang S S. and Shih D Y. 2008. Multiplex PCR detection of enterotoxin genes in Aeromonas spp. from suspect food samples in northern Taiwan. Journal of Food Protection 71: 2094–99.
Chopra A K, Houston C W, Peterson J W and Jin G F. 1993. Cloning expression and sequence analysis of a cytolytic enterotoxin gene from Aeromonas hydrophila. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39: 513–23.
da Rocha M P, Scheid L A and Alves S H. 2008. New selective indicator medium for detection of Aeromonas and Plesiomonas: UNISC agar. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 41: 431–33.
Davin-Regli A, Bollet C, Chamorey E, Colonna D’istria V and Cremieux A. 1998. A cluster of cases of infections due to Aeromonas hydrophila revealed by combined RAPD and ERIC- PCR. Journal of Medical Microbiology 47: 499–504.
de La Morena M L, Van R, Singh K, Brian M, Murray B E and Pickering L K. 1993. Diarrhoea associated with Aeromonas species in children day care centres. Journal of Infectious Diseases 168: 215–18.
Dodd H N and Pemberton J M. 1998. Construction of a physical and preliminary genetic map of Aeromonas hydrophila JMP636. Microbiology 144: 3087–96.
Doke S N, Warrier S B, Alur M D, Venugopal V and Nair P M. 1994. Protease secretion by resting cells of Aeromonas hydrophila as a possible mode of survival in flesh foods. Journal of Food Science and Technology India 31: 476–79.
Echeverria P, Sack R B, Blacklow N R, Bodhidatta P, Rowe B and McFarland A. 1984. Prophylactic doxycychine for travellers’ diarrhoea in Thailand. Amarican Journal of Epidemiology 120: 912–21.
Ercolini D. 2004. PCR-DGGE fingerprinting: novel strategies for detection of microbes in food. Journal of Microbiological Methods 56: 297–314.
Espy M J, Uhl J R, Sloan L M, Buckwalter S P, Jones E A, Vetter E A, Yao J D C, Wengenack N L, Rosenblatt J E, Cockerill F R and Smith T F. 2006 Real-time PCR in clinical microbiology: Applications for routine laboratory testing. Clinical Microbiology Review 19: 165–256.
Figueras M J, Soler L, Chacon M R, Guarro J and Murica A J M. 2000. Extended method for discrimination of Aeromonas spp. by 16S rDNA RFLP analysis. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50: 2069–73.
Fukushima H, Tsunomori Y and Seki R. 2003. Duplex real-time SYBR green PCR assays for detection of 17 species of food- or water-borne pathogens in stools. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41: 5134–46.
Galindo C L, Fadl A A, Sha J, Pillai L, Gutierrez C Jr. and Chopra A K. 2005. Microarray and proteomics analyses of human intestinal epithelial cells treated with the Aeromonas hydrophila cytotoxic enterotoxin. Infection and Immunity 73: 2628–43.
Galindo C L, Sha J, Ribardo D A, Fadl A A, Pillai L and Chopra A K. 2003. Identification of Aeromonas hydrophila cytotoxic enterotoxin-induced genes in macrophages using microarrays. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278: 40198–212.
Garrity G M, Winters M and Searles D B. 2001. Taxonomic outline of the prokaryotic genera. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd edn. pp. 13 Bergey’s Manual Trust.
Ghatak S and Gill J P S. 2009. Molecular Techniques for Detection and Typing of Food-borne Pathogens from Livestock Products. Winter School on Recent developments in post harvest processing and value addition to livestock products produce. Pp 52–57. Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab.
Ghatak S, Agarwal R K and Banerjee R. 2001. Characterization of outer membrane protein of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria of diverse serotypes. Indian Journal of Comparative Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases 22: 47– 50.
Ghatak S, Agarwal R K and Bhilegaonkar K N. 2003. Detection of Aeromonas spp. from milk and meat by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Veterinary Public Health 1: 17–24.
Ghatak S, Agarwal R K and Bhilegaonkar K N. 2006. Species identification of clinically important Aeromonas spp. by restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S rDNA. Letters in Applied Microbiology 44: 550–54.
Gill C O and Jones T. 1995. The presence of Aeromonas, Listeria and Yersinia in carcass processing equipment at two slaughtering plants. Food Microbiology 12: 135–41.
González S F, Krug M J, Nielsen M E, Santos Y and Call D R. 2004. Simultaneous detection of marine fish pathogens by using multiplex PCR and a DNA microarray. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42:1414–19.
González-Serrano C J, Santos J A, García-López M L, Otero A. 2002. Virulence markers in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria isolates from freshwater fish and from a diarrhoea case. Journal of Applied Microbiology 93: 414–19.
Gracey M, Burke V and Robinson J.1982. Aeromonas–associated gastroenteritis. Lancet. 2: 1304–06.
Gracey M, Burke V, Robinson J, Masters P L, Stewart J and Pearman J. 1984. Aeromonas spp. in traveller’s diarrhoea. British Medical Journal 289: 658.
Granum P E, O’Sullivan K, Tomas J M and Ormen O. 1998. Possible virulence factors of Aeromonas spp. from food and water. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 21: 131– 37.
Gurwith M, Bourque C, Cameron E, Forrest G and Green M. 1977. Cholera-like diarrhoea in Canada. Report of a case associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and a toxin-producing Aeromonas hydrophila. Archives of Internal Medicine 137: 1461–64.
Hänninen M L and Hirvelä-Koski V. 1999. Genetic diversity of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Epidemiology and Infection 123: 299–307.
Hanninen M L, Oivanen P and Hirvela-Koski V. 1997. Aeromonas species in fish, fish-eggs, shrimp and freshwater. International Journal of Food Microbiology 34: 17–26.
Hayes S L, Lye B R, Lye D J, Rodgers M R, Stelma G, Malard J M, Vandewalle A and Vesper S J. 2006. Identification by microarray of a common pattern of gene expression in intact intestine and cultured intestinal cells exposed to virulent Aeromonas hydrophila isolates. Journal of Water and Health 4: 381–88.
Hirono I, Aoki T, Asao T and Kozaki S. 1992. Nucleotide sequences and characterization of haemolysin genes from Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria. Microbial Pathogenesis 13: 433–66.
Hong B X, Jiang L F, Hu Y S, Fang D Y and Guo H Y. 2004. Application of oligonucleotide array technology for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria of food-borne infections. Journal of Microbiological Methods 58: 403–11.
Huys G, Coopman R, Janssen P and Kersters K. 1996. High- resolution genotypic analysis of the genus Aeromonas by AFLP fingerprinting. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 46: 572–80.
Iaganowska M and Kaznowski A. 2004. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer of Aeromonas spp. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 27: 549– 57.
Isonhood J H and Drake M. 2002. Aeromonas species in foods. Journal of Food Protection 65: 575–82.
Janda J M and Abbott S L. 1998. Evolving concepts regarding the genus Aeromonas: an expanding Panorama of species, disease presentations, and unanswered questions. Clinical Infectious Disease 27: 332–44.
Janda J M and Duffey P S. 1988. Mesophilic aeromonads in human disease: Current taxonomy, laboratory identification, and infectious disease spectrum. Review of Infectious Diseases 10: 980–96.
Jay J M, Loessner M J and Golden D A (Eds.) 2005. Modern Food Microbiology. Pp. 241–84. Springer.
Kaznowski A and Konecka E. 2005. Identification of Aeromonas culicicola by 16S rDNA RFLP. Polish Journal of Microbiology 54: 335–38.
Khan A A and Cerniglia. 1997. Rapid and sensitive method for the detection of Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas trota by polymerase chain reaction. Letters in Applied Microbiology 24: 233–39.
Khan I U, Loughborough A and Edge T A. 2009. DNA-based real- time detection and quantification of aeromonads from fresh water beaches on Lake Ontario. Journal of Water and Health 7: 312–23.
Khurana R and Kumar A. 1997. Prevalence of motile aeromonads in foods of animal origin. Journal of Food Science and Technology India 34: 228–229.
Khushiramani R, Girisha S K and Karunasagar I. 2009. Evaluation of a digoxigenin-labelled probe for detection of Aeromonas spp. Letters in Applied Microbiology 48: 383–85.
Kingombe C I B, Huys G, Howald D, Luthi E, Swings J and Jemmi T. 2004. The usefulness of molecular techniques to asses the presence of Aeromonas spp. harboring virulence markers in foods. International Journal of Food Microbiology 94: 113– 21.
Kirov S M, Anderson M J and McMeekin T A. 1990. A note on Aeromonas spp. from chickens as possible food-borne pathogens. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 68: 327–34.
Kirov S M. 1993. The public health significance of Aeromonas spp. in foods. International Journal of Food Microbiology 20: 179–98.
Korbsrisate S, Trakulsomboon S, Damnin S, Gatedee J, Ratchtrachenchai O A, Leelaporn A, Eampokalap B, Gongviseisoog C and Suparak S. 2007. Genetic variations in Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from clinical and environmental sources in Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 38: 721–27.
Kostiæ T, Weilharter A, Rubino S, Delogu G, Uzzau S, Rudi K, Sessitsch A and Bodrossy L. 2007. A microbial diagnostic microarray technique for the sensitive detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria in a background of nonpathogens. Annals of Biochemistry 360: 244–54.
Kostrzynska M and Bachand A. 2006. Application of DNA microarray technology for detection identification, and characterization of food-borne pathogens. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52: 1–8.
Kühn I, Huys G, Coopman R, Kersters K and Janssen P. 1997. A 4– year study of the diversity and persistence of coliforms and Aeromonas in the water of a Swedish drinking water well. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43: 9–16.
Kumar A. 1998. ‘Studies on aerolysin of motile aeromonads’ Ph.D. thesis, Deemed University, IVRI, Izatnagar, India.
Lee C, Cho J C, Lee S H, Lee D G and Kim S J. 2002. Distribution of Aeromonas spp. as identified by 16S rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in a trout farm. Journal of Applied Microbiology 93: 976–85.
Lee D Y, Lauder H, Cruwys H, Falletta P and Beaudette L A. 2008. Development and application of an oligonucleotide microarray and real-time quantitative PCR for detection of wastewater bacterial pathogens. Science of Total Environment 398: 203– 11.
Ljungh A and Wadstrom T. 1985. Aeromonas hydrophila – an accepted enterotoxigenic “neoenteropathogen”? Journal of Infectious Diseases 151: 972–73.
Lund V, Jenssen L M and Wesmajervi M S. 2002. Assessment of genetic variability and relatedness among atypical Aeromonas salmonicida from marine fishes, using AFLP-fingerprinting. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 50: 119–26.
Martínez-Murcia A J, Soler L, Saavedra M J, Chacón M R, Guarro J, Stackebrandt E and Figueras M J. 2005. Phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic discrepancies to differentiate Aeromonas salmonicida from Aeromonas bestiarum. International Microbiology 8: 259–69.
Merino S, Camprubi S and Tomas J M. 1993. Detection of Aeromonas hydrophila in food with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 74: 149–54.
Merino S. Rubiers X. Knochel S. and Tomas J.M. 1995. Emerging pathogens: Aeromonas spp. International Journal of Food Microbiology 28: 157–68.
Nash J H, Findlay W A, Luebbert C C, Mykytczuk O L, Foote S J, Taboada E N, Carrillo C D, Boyd J M, Colquhoun D J, Reith M E and Brown L L. 2006. Comparative genomics profiling of clinical isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida using DNA microarrays. BMC Genomics. 7: 43.
Nayduch D, Honko A, Noblet G P and Stutzenburger F. 2001. Detection of Aeromonas caviae in the common housefly Musca domestica by culture and polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiology and Infection 127: 561–66.
Nayduch D, Noblet G P and Stutzenberger F J. 2002. Vector potential of houseflies for the bacterium Aeromonas caviae. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 16: 193–98.
Oakey H J, Ellis J T and Gibson L F. 1996. Differentiation of Aeromonas genomospecies using random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Journal of Applied Bacteriology 80: 402–10.
Okrend A J G, Rose B E and Bennett B. 1987. Incidence and toxigenicity of Aeromonas species in retail poultry, beef and pork. Journal of Food Protection 50: 509–13.
Ormen O, Granum P E, Lassen J and Figueras M J. 2005. Lack of agreement between biochemical and genetic identification of Aeromonas spp. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Immunologica Scandinavia 113: 203–07.
Palumbo S A, Beneicengo M M, Del Corral F, Williams A C and Buchanan R L. 1989. Characterization of the Aeromonas hydrophila group isolated from retail foods of animal origin. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27: 854–59.
Palumbo S A, Maxino F, Williams A C, Buchanan R L and Thayer D W. 1985. Starch-ampicillin agar for the quantitative detection of Aeromonas hydrophila. Applied Environmental Microbiology 50: 1027–30.
Pollard D R, Johnson W M, Lior H, Tyler S D and Rozee K R. 1990. Detection of aerolysin gene in Aeromonas hydrophila by the polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 28: 2477–81.
Porteen K, Agarwal R K and Bhilegaonkar K N. 2006. PCR-Based detection of Aeromonas from milk samples. Journal of Food Technology 4: 111-15.
Porteen K, Agarwal R K and Bhilegaonkar K N. 2007. Detection of Aeromonas sp. from chicken and fish samples by polymerase chain reaction. American Journal of Food Technology 2: 30– 37.
Pund R P and Theegarten D. 2008. The importance of aeromonads as a human pathogen. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 51: 569–76.
Rahman A F M S and Willoughby J M T. 1980. Dysentery-like syndrome associated with Aeromonas hydrophila. British Medical Journal 281: 976.
Rahman M, Huys G, Rahman M, Albert M J, Kühn I and Möllby R. 2007. Persistence, transmission, and virulence characteristics of Aeromonas strains in a duckweed aquaculture-based hospital sewage water recycling plant in Bangladesh. Applied Environmental Microbiology 73: 1444–51.
Rasooly A and Herold K E. 2008. Food microbial pathogen detection and analysis using DNA microarray technologies. Food-borne Pathogens and Diseases 5: 531–50.
Sachan N and Agarwal R K. 2000. Selective broth for the isolation of Aeromonas sp. from chicken meat. International Journal of Food Microbiology 60: 65–74.
Sachan N and Agarwal R K. 2002. A simple enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Aeromonas spp. Veterinarski Archiv 72: 327–34.
Saiki R K, Gelfand D H, Stoffel S, Scharf S J, Higuchi R, Horn G T, Mullis K B and Erlich H A. 1988. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239: 487–91.
Santos J A, González C J, Otero A and García-López M L. 1999. Hemolytic activity and siderophore production in different Aeromonas species isolated from fish. Applied Environmental Microbiology 65: 5612–14.
Schubert R H W. 1991. Aeromonads and their significance as potential pathogens in water. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 70: 131S–5S.
Sechi L A, Deriu A, Falchi M P, Fadda G and Zanetti S. 2002. Distribution of virulence genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from Sardinian waters and from patients with diarrhoea. Journal of Applied Microbiology 92: 221–27.
Seethalakshmi I, Subashkumar R and Saminathan P. 2008. Distribution of putative virulence genes in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from marketed Fish Samples. Journal of Fishery and Aquatic Science 3: 145–51.
Sendra R M, Esteve C, Alcaide E. 1997. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Aeromonas hydrophila serogroup O:19. FEMS Microbiology Letters 157: 123–29.
Shankar K, Narasimhan R and Habibullah-Khan M M. 1994. Incidence, isolation and characterisation of psychrotrophs in ice cream. Indian Veterianry Journal 71: 1202–06.
Singh B R, Kapoor K N, Yadav A S, Tiwari A K, Singh Y, Kumar A and Bhilegaonkar K N. 1997. Characterization of virulence factors among enterotoxigenic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fish. Journal of Food Science and Technology India 34 : 443–45.
Soejima T, Iida K, Qin T, Taniai H, Seki M, Takade A and Yoshida
S. 2007. Photoactivated ethidium monoazide directly cleaves bacterial DNA and is applied to PCR for discrimination of live and dead bacteria. Microbiology and Immunology 51: 763–75. Soler L, Figueras M J, Chacón M R, Guarro J and Martinez-Murcia A J. 2003. Comparison of three molecular methods for typing Aeromonas popoffii isolates. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 83: 341–49.
Soler L, Marco F, Vila J, Chacón M R, Guarro J and Figueras M J. 2003. Evaluation of two miniaturized systems MicroScan W/A and BBL Crystal E/NF, for identification of clinical isolates of Aeromonas spp. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41: 5732– 34.
Swale G V, Das B C, Acland P R and Heath D A. 1986. Fatal infection with Aeromonas sobria and Plesiomonas shigelloides. British Medical Journal 292: 525–26.
Tacão M, Moura A, Alves A, Henriques I, Saavedra M J and Correia A. 2005b. Evaluation of 16S rDNA- and gyrB-DGGE for typing members of the genus Aeromonas. FEMS Microbiology Letters 246: 11-18.
Talon D, Mulin B and Thouverez M. 1998. Clonal identification of Aeromonas hydrophila strains using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. European Journal of Epidemiology 14: 305–10.
Trakhna F, Harf-Monteil C, Abdelnour A, Maaroufi A and Gadonna- Widehem P. 2009. Rapid Aeromonas hydrophila identification by TaqMan PCR assay: comparison with a phenotypic method. Letters in Applied Microbiology 49: 186–90.
Tsai G J and Chen T H. 1996. Incidence and toxigenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila in seafood. International Journal of Food Microbiology 31: 121–31.
Vila J, Ruiz J, Gallardo F, Vargas M, Soler L, Figueras M J and Cascon J. 2003. Aeromonas spp. and traveler’s diarrhoea: clinical features and antimicrobial resistance. Emerging Infectious Diseases 9: 552–55.
Villari P, Crispino M, Montuori P and Stanzione S. 2000. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Aeromonas spp. in ready-to-eat foods in Italy. Journal of Food Protection 63: 1754–57.
Wang G, Tyler K D, Munro C K and Johnson W M. 1996. Characterization of cytotoxic, hemolytic Aeromonas caviae clinical isolates and their identification by determining presence of a unique hemolysin gene. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 34: 3203–05.
Wang X W, Zhang L, Jin L Q, Jin M, Shen Z Q, An S, Chao F H and Li J W. 2007. Development and application of an oligonucleotide microarray for the detection of food-borne bacterial pathogens. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 76: 225–33.
Yanez M A, Catalan V, Apraiz D, Figueras M J and Martinez-Murcia A J. 2003. Phylogenetic analysis of members of the genus Aeromonas based on gyrB gene sequences. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 875– 83.
Yu C P, Farrell S K, Robinson B and Chu K H. 2008. Development and application of real-time PCR assays for quantifying total and aerolysin gene-containing Aeromonas in source, intermediate, and finished drinking water. Environmental Science and Technology 42: 1191-1200.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.
How to Cite
