Prevalence of benzimidazole resistant ß- tubulin alleles inHaemonchus contortus larvae from sheep of Rajasthan

C P SWARNKAR; D SINGH; SATISH KUMAR

doi:10.56093/ijans.v82i12.25658

Authors

C P SWARNKAR Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304 501 India
D SINGH Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304 501 India
SATISH KUMAR Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304 501 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v82i12.25658

Keywords:

Anthelmintic resistance, Benzimidaole, ÃŸ-tubulin, Haemonchus contortus, Refugia, Sheep

Abstract

The study was conducted to find out the feasibility of community dilution strategy in worm population for reversion to susceptibility against benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics. The prevalence of BZ-resistant ß- tubulin alleles was determined through allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) in 1216 infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus isolated from sheep flocks of different origins. Both management of flocks and agro-climate has significant influence on the prevalence of homozygous BZ-resistant (rr) genotypes. The overall frequency of rr genotypes was relatively low in farm flocks and in arid Rajasthan. The maximum prevalence of BZ-susceptible was observed during winter (51.00%) and monsoon (24.59%) in arid and semi-arid farm. In field flocks, there was a moderate rise in proportion of BZ- susceptible genotypes during monsoon. The study exhibited that community dilution strategy for reversion of susceptibility to BZ anthelmintics in H. contortus could be feasible in farm conditions. The period from September to November in semi-arid and from June to February in arid agroclimatic conditions seem to be appropriate in increasing the frequency of BZ-susceptible alleles in the refugia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

C P SWARNKAR, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304 501 India
D SINGH, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304 501 India
SATISH KUMAR, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304 501 India

References

Alvarez-Sánchez M A, Pérez-García J, Cruz-Rojo M A and Rojo- Vázquez F A. 2005. Real time PCR for the diagnosis of benzimidazole resistance in trichostrongylids of sheep. Veterinary Parasitology 129: 291–98.

Coles G C. 2005. Anthelmintic resistance- looking to the future: a UK perspective. Research in Veterinary Science 78: 99–108.

Coles G C, Papadopoulous E and Himonas C. 1995. Tubulin, resistance and worms. Parasitology Today 11: 183–84.

Garg R and Yadav C L. Genotyping of benzimidazole susceptible and resistant alleles in different populations of Haemonchus contortus from Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions of North- West India. Tropical Animal Health and Production 41: 127– 31.

Gasser R B. 2006. Molecular tools advances, opportunities and prospects. Veterinary Parasitology 136: 69–89.

Hertzberg H, Rossmann J, Kohler L and Willi U. 2000. Benzimidazole-resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in Switzerland. Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift 87: 3–9.

Höglund J, Gustafsson K, Ljungström B L, Engström A, Donnan A, Skuce P. 2009. Anthelmintic resistance in Swedish sheep flocks based on a comparison of the results from the faecal egg count reduction test and resistant allele frequencies of the beta- tubulin gene. Veterinary Parasitology 161: 60–8.

Papadopoulous,E, Himonas C and Coles G C. 2001. Drought and flock isolation may enhance the development of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes. Veterinary Parasitology 97: 253–59. Pierce B A. 2003. Genetics: A Conceptual Approach. pp. 671–72.

W.H. Freeman and Company, NY, USA, Rufener L, Kaminsky R, Mäser P. 2009. In vitro selection of Haemonchus contortus for benzimidazole resistance reveals a mutation at amino acid 198 of beta-tubulin. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 168: 120–22.

Silvestre A and Humbert J F. 2000. A molecular tool for species identification and benzimidazole resistance diagnosis in larval communities of small ruminant parasites. Experimental Parasitology 95: 271–76.

Silvestre A and Humbert J F. 2002. Diversity of benzimidazole resistance alleles in populations of small ruminant’s parasites. International Journal for Parasitology 32: 921–28.

Silvestre A, Leignel V, Berrag B, Gasnier N, Humbert J F, Chartier C and Cabaret J. 2002. Sheep and goat nematode resistance to anthelmintics: pro and cons among breeding management factors. Veterinary Research 33: 465–80.

Singh D and Swarnkar C P. 2008. Role of refugia in management of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of small ruminants – a review. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants 14: 141- 80.

Smith G, Grenfell B T, Isham V and Cornell S. 1999. Anthelmintic resistance revisited: under-dosing, chemoprophylactic strategies, and mating probabilities. International Journal for Parasitology 29: 77–91.

Swarnkar C P, Singh D, Khan F A, Tiwari R and Dubey S C. 2003. A study of sheep worm control practices and status of anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus in Rajasthan. XIV National Congress of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, Nagpur, 15– 17 October.

Swarnkar C P, Singh D, Khan F A, Tiwari R and Dubey S C. 2004. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance and seasonal variation in efficacy of anthelmintics in sheep. XV National Congress of Veterinary Parasitology. p. 72. GBPUAT, Pantnagar, October 25–27.

Swarnkar C P, Singh D, Satish Kumar, Khan F A and Tiwari J. 2006. Investigations on the seasonal pattern of strongyle infection in sheep and interaction between genotypes of Haemonchus contortus in refugia and benzimidazole resistance in Rajasthan. XVII National Congress of Veterinary Parasitology. pp. 139–40. RG College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Pondecherry, Nov. 15–17.

Swarnkar C P, Singh D, Krishna Lal and Khan F A. 2008. Epidemiology and Management of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Sheep flocks in Rajasthan. CSWRI, Avikanagar pp. 1 – 145.

Tiwari J, Kumar S, Kolte A P, Swarnkar C P, Singh D and Pathak K M L. 2006. Detection of benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus using RFLP-PCR technique. Veterinary Parasitology 138: 301–07.

Tiwari J, Kolte A P, Kumar S, Swarnkar C P, Singh D and Pathak K M L. 2007. Diagnosis of benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus of sheep by allele specific PCR. Asian- Australian Journal of Animal Science 20: 7–11.

van Wyk J A. 2001. Refugia – overlooked as perhaps the most potent factor concerning the development of anthelmintic resistance. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 68: 55–67.

Winterrowd C A, Pomroy W E, Sangster N C, Johnson S S and Geary T G. 2003. Benzimidazole resistant beta tubulin alleles in a population of parasitic nematode (Cooperia oncophora) of cattle. Veterinary Parasitology 117: 161–72.