Effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf on pathology of Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens

M KUMARI; R P GUPTA; A SHARMA

doi:10.56093/ijans.v84i7.42106

Authors

M KUMARI Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125 004 India
R P GUPTA Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125 004 India
A SHARMA Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125 004 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v84i7.42106

Keywords:

Chickens, Escherichia coli, Gross lesions, Histopathological lesions, Ocimum sanctum leaf supplementation

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf powder on experimental Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks (160) were divided into 2 groups. The birds of group A were supplemented with dried O. sanctum leaf (OSL) powder in feed @5g/kg and the birds of group B were given feed without OSL supplementation. After 7 days of age, each bird in group A1 and B1 was inoculated with E. coli O78 (@10⁷ CFU/0.5 ml) by the intraperitoneal route, whereas groups A2 and B2 were kept as controls. Mortality in group B1 was 35.56% whereas mortality was comparatively low (20%) in OSL supplemented group A1. There was no mortality in the control groups (A2 and B2). Gross lesions produced in group B1 were fibrinous mass on the surface of liver and heart, congestion in visceral organs, peritonitis, reddish intestinal mucosa and atrophy of bursa of Fabricius. The gross lesions in OSL supplemented infected group were of less intensity at different intervals as compared to those observed in non-supplemented infected group. Histopathological lesions observed were fibrinous pericarditis, myocarditis, fibrinous perihepatitis, haemorrhagic enteritis, proventriculitis and depletion of lymphocytes in bursa of Fabricius. In OSL supplemented E. coli infected group lesions were less severe in magnitude and lasted for shorter duration as compared to non-supplemented E.coli infected group, indicating reduction in severity of the disease and early recovery due to OSL supplementation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Baliarsingh S K, Rao A G and Mishra P R. 1993. Pathology of experimental colibacillosis in chicks. Indian Veterinary Journal 70: 808–12.

Bass L, Liebert C A, Lee M D, Summers A O, White D G, Thayer S G and Maurer J J. 1999. Incidence and characterization of integrons, genetic elements mediating multiple-drug resistance, in avian Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43: 2925–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.43.12.2925

Batra M. 2004. ‘Studies on effect(s) of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) leaf powder on pathology and pathogenesis of experimentally induced hydropericardium syndrome in broiler chickens.’ M.V.Sc. thesis, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Batra M and Gupta R P. 2006. Effects of Ocimum sanctum leaf on pathology and immune response in chickens experimentally infected with hydropericardium syndrome. Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 30: 1–4.

Bharath B K, Anjaneyulu Y and Srilatha Ch. 2011. Immuno-modulatory effect of Ocimum sanctum against endosulfan induced immunotoxicity. Veterinary World 4: 25–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2011.25-27

Bharavi K, Reddy A G, Rao G S, Reddy A R and Rao S V R. 2010. Reversal of cadmium-induced oxidative stress in chicken by herbal adaptogens Withania somnifera and Ocimum sanctum. Toxicology International 17: 59–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6580.72671

Bhattacharya S K, Bhattacharya A, Das K, Murunganadam A A and Sairam K. 2001. Further investigation on the antioxidant activity of Ocimum sanctum using different paradigms of oxidative stress in rats. Journal of Natural Remedies 1: 6–16.

Blanco J E, Blanco M, Mora A and Blanco J. 1997. Prevalence of bacterial resistance to quinolones and other antimicrobials among avian Escherichia coli strains isolated from septicemic and healthy chickens in Spain. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35: 2184–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.35.8.2184-2185.1997

Chattopadhyay R R, Sarkar S K, Ganguly S, Medda C and Basu T K. 1992. Hepatoprotective activity of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 24: 163–65.

Chauhan D K, Singh V K, Govil J N and Singh G. 2002. Some potential herbal drugs for AIDS. Recent progress in medicinal plants. Ethnomedical and Pharmacognosy 2: 239–41.

Geeta, Vasudevan D M, Kedlaya R, Deepa S and Ballal M. 2001. Activity of Ocimum sanctum (the traditional Indian medicinal plant) against enteric pathogens. Indian Journal of Medical Science 55: 434–38.

Godhwani S, Godhwani J L and Vyas D S. 1987. Ocimum sanctum: an experimental study evaluating its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity in animals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 21: 153–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(87)90125-5

Hegazy M, Abd-El Samie L K and El Sayed E M. 2010. The immunosuppressive effect of E. coli in chickens vaccinated with infectious bronchitis (IB) or infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines. Journal of American Sciences 6: 762– 67.

Hemalatha R, Babu K N, Karthik M, Ramesh R, Kumar B D and Kumar P U. 2011. Immunomodulatory activity and Th1/Th2 cytokine response of Ocimum sanctum in myelosuppressed Swiss Albino mice. Trends in Medical Research 6: 23–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/tmr.2011.23.31

Hooda A. 2009. ‘Etio-pathological studies on poultry mortality with special reference to gastrointestinal tract disorders.’ M.V.Sc. thesis, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Kabir S M L. 2010. Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis: A closer look at epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, control and public health concerns. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7: 89–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7010089

Kelm M A, Nair M G, Strasburg G M and DeWitt D L. 2000. Antioxidant and cyclooxygenase inhibitory phenolic compounds from Ocimum sanctum Linn. Phytomedicine 7: 7–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80015-X

Kim S C, Magesh V, Jeong S J, Lee H J, Ahn K S, Lee E O, Lee M H, Kim J H and Kim S H. 2010. Ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum exerts anti-metastatic activity through inactivation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and enhancement of anti-oxidant enzymes. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48: 1478–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.014

Lahon K and Das S. 2011. Hepatoprotective activity of Ocimum sanctum alcoholic leaf extract against paracetamol-induced liver damage in Albino rats. Pharmacognosy Research 3: 13– 18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.79110

Li X S, Wang G Q, Du X D, Cui B A, Zhang S M and Shen J Z. 2007. Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular detection of chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from diseased chickens. Journal of Veterinary Science 8: 243–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2007.8.3.243

Luna L G. 1968. Manual of Histologic Staining Method of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd edn. Mc Graw Hill Book Company, New York.

Mamta. 2004. ‘Studies on effects of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf powder on pathology and pathogenesis of experimental Fowl Typhoid in broiler chickens.’ M.V.Sc. thesis, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar.

Manimaran K, Singh S D and Shivachandra S B. 2003. Haematobiochemical and pathological changes in experimental Escherichia coli infection in broiler chicks. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 73: 960–62.

Panda V S and Naik S R. 2009. Evaluation of cardioprotective activity of Ginkgo biloba and Ocimum sanctum in rodents. Alternative Medicine Review 14: 161–71.

Rahman M A, Samad M A, Rahman M B and Kabir S M L. 2004. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity and therapeutic efficacy of experimental salmonellosis, colibacillosis and pasteurellosis in broiler chickens. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2: 99–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v2i2.2538

Reddy L S S V P, Thangavel A, Leela V, Narayana and Raju K V S. 2009. Antioxidant enzyme status in broilers: role of dietary supplementation of tulasi (Ocimum sanctum) and selenium. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 5: 251–56.

Renu. 2010. ‘Pathological investigation of the diseases affecting gastrointestinal tract of poultry.’ M.V.Sc. thesis, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar.

Sadul R R, Gidde M R and Bipinraj N K. 2012. Comparative study of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum on E.coli. Journal of Environmental Research Development 7: 312–20.

Sharma M K, Kumar M and Kumar A. 2002. Ocimum sanctum aqueous extract provides protection against mercury induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice. Indian Journal of Experimantal Biology 40: 1079–82.

Shetty S, Udupa S and Udupa L. 2008. Evaluation of antioxidant and wound healing effects of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn in rats. Evid. Based Complement. Alternative Medicine 5: 95–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem004

Singh B and Jaggi R K. 2003. Antiinflammatory effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. and its cultures. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 65: 425–28.

Singh S. 1998 Comparative evalution of antiinflammatory potential of fixed oil of different species of Ocimum and its possible mechanism of action. Indian Journal of Experimantal Biology 36: 1028–31.

Van den Bogaard A E, London N, Driessen C and Stobberingh E E. 2001. Antibiotic resistance of faecal Escherichia coli in poultry, poultry farmers and poultry slaughterers. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 47: 763–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/47.6.763

White D G, Piddock L J, Maurer J J, Zhao S, Ricci V and Thayer S G. 2000. Characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance among veterinary isolates of avian Escherichia coli. Journal of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44: 2897–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.44.10.2897-2899.2000

Witter R L. 1982. Protection by attenuated and polyvalent vaccines against highly virulent strains of Mareks disease virus. Avian Pathology 11: 49–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03079458208436081