Integrated fly management for control of house fly (Diptera: Musca domestica) in layer chicken farms: A review
825 / 189
Authors
-
G PONNUDURAI
Professor and Head, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu 637 002 India
-
N RANI
Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu 637 002 India
-
R VELUSAMY
Keywords:
Fly management, House fly, Musca domestica, Poultry farmsAbstract
The house fly, a major arthropod pest, causes great annoyance to birds, farm labourers and public residing in the vicinity of farms. The problem of house menace at times reaches beyond threshold level in poultry farms, particularly, in caged layer farms, leading to public health issue. Control of this challenging pest largely relies on various classes of insecticides. Realizing the inherent limitations with insecticide application over the years, much emphasize is being given for fly control through integrated fly management in the recent times. Hence, social and public health problems associated with house fly population, and various modules of integrated fly management such as biology of flies, factors responsible for fly problem, fly monitoring, litter management; farm sanitations, insect growth regulators, insecticide application, plant derivatives, entomopathogenic fungi and entomopathogenic nematode, bacterial pathogens, parasitoids and predators are discussed in this review.
Downloads
References
Alexander T M, Alves L F, Neves P M and Alves S P. 2006. Effect of temperature and poultry litter in Beauveria bassiana (bals) Vuill and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) virulence against the lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Neotropical Entomology 35: 75–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2006000100011
Alvarez Montes de Oca D M, Dela Fuente J L, Villarrubia Montes de Ca O L, Menendez de San Pedro J C and Losada E O. 1996. The biological activity of Ricinus communis on the house fly (Musca domestica). Revis Cuban de Medic Tropic 48: 192–94.
Axtell R C. 1970. Integrated fly control programme for caged poultry houses. Journal of Economic Entomology 63: 400–05. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/63.2.400
Barth C L. 1986. Fly control through manure management. Poultry Science 65: 668 –74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0650668
Burg J G and Axtell R C. 1984. Monitoring of house fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in caged layer poultry houses using a baited jug trap. Environmental Entomology 13: 1083 –90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/13.4.1083
Caruthers R I and Haynes D L. 1986. Temperature, moisture and habitat effects on Entomophthora muscae (Entomophthorales: Entomothoraceae) conidial germination and survival in the onion agroecosystem. Environmental Entomology 15: 1154 – 60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/15.6.1154
Chirrico J. 1998. Prevalence and control of flies in cattle and pig housing. Svensk Veterinartid ring 50: 237 – 40.
Crespo D C, Lecuona R E and Hogsette J A. 1998. Biological control: An important component in integrated management of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) in caged layer poultry houses in Buenos Aires. Biological Control 13: 16 – 24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1998.0632
Desai P U. 1997. Effect of Annona squamosa seed preparations on house flies. Proceedings of an International Conference, Etnoveterinary Medicine Aleternative for Livestock Development, pp 6. Pune, India.
Fatchurochim S, Geden C J and Axtel R C. 1989. Filth fly (Diptera) oviposition and larval development in poultry manure of various moisture levels. Journal of Entomological Science 24: 224 –31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-24.2.224
Geden C J, Stinner R E and Axtell R C. 1988. Predation by predators of the house fly in poultry manure: effects of predator density, feeding history, interspecific interference, and field conditions. Environmental Entomology 17: 320–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/17.2.320
Geden C J and Hogsette J A. 2006. Suppression of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Florida poultry houses by sustained releases of Muscidifurax raptorellus and Spalangia cameroni (Hymenopter: Pteromalidae). Environmental Entomology 35: 75 – 82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-35.1.75
Gopal B, Mohanj S, Ravikanth K, Ajay T and Shivi M. 2013. Efficacy of herbal fly repellent product (keet guard) to control Musca domestica population in poultry egg layer farm. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research 1: 61 – 69.
Harikrishnan T J, Suganthi P and Ponnudurai G. 2004. Efficacy of Diflubenzuron 25 WP as a feed additive and tropical spray for controlling house fly breeding in poultry manure. Paper presented in 15th National Congress of IAAVP held at Dept.of Parasitology, G.B Pant University of Agricultural and Technology. Pant Nagar, India from October, 25 – 27, 2004.
Harris C R, Turnball S A, Whistlecraft J W and Surgeoner G A. 1982. Multiple resistance shown by field strains of house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) to organocholrine, organophosphorous, Carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides. Canadian Entomologist 114: 447 – 54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent114447-5
Hill D S. 2005. Pests of Stored Food Stuffs and their Controls. Pp.250–53. Springer India Pvt Ltd. New Delhi, India
Hodgman T C, Ziniu Y, Ming S, Sawyer T, Nicholls C M and Ellar D J. 1993. Characetrization of a Bacillus thuringiensis strain which is toxic to the house fly Musca domestica. FEMS Microbiology Letter 114: 17 – 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06544.x
Howard L O. 1911. The House Fly – Disease Carrier. P 312. Frederick A. Stokes, New York.
Inglis G D, Goettel M S, Butt T M and Strasser H. 2001. Use of hypomycetous fungi for managing insect pests. pp: 23–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851993560.0023
Kannagi C K. 2006. ‘Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi as a biopesticide for control of flies in poultry farms’. M.V.Sc thesis submitted to Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai–51.
Karunamoorthy G. 1987. Observation on Dirhinus pachycerus Masi and Spalangia endius Walker as parasitoids of Musca species at caged layer poultry houses in Tamil Nadu. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 1: 39 – 42.
Kaufman P E, Long S J and Rutz D A. 2001. Impact of exposure length and pupal source on Muscidifurax raptorellus and Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromatidae) parasitism in a New York poultry facility. Journal of Economic Entomology 94: 998 – 1003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-94.4.998
Legner E F, Bowen W R and McKeen W D. 1973. Inverse relationships between mass of breeding habitat and synanthropic fly emergence and the measurement of population densities with sticky tapes in California inland valleys. Environmental Entomology 2: 205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/2.2.199
Legner E F and Dietrick E I. 1974. Effectiveness of supervised control practices in lowering population densities of synanthropic flies on poultry ranches. Entomophaga 19: 467–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372782
Meyer J A, McKeen W D and Mullens B A. 1987. Factors affecting control of Fannia spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) with cyromazine feed-through on caged-layer facilities in Southern California. Journal of Economic Entomology 80: 817–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/80.4.817
Miller J A and Chamberlin W F. 1989. Azadirachtin as a larvicide against the horn fly, stable fly and house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 82: 1375 –78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/82.5.1375
Morgan P B, Labrecque G C and Wilson H G. 1966. Test with larvicides for control of house flies; Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) in poultry houses. Florida Entomology 49: 91–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3493534
Mullens B A, Hinkle N C and Szijj C E. 1996b. Role of the poultry manure pad in manure drying and its potential relationship to filth fly control. Journal of Agricultural Entomology 13:331– 37.
Mwangi E N, Kaaya G P and Essuman S. 1995. Experimental infections of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus with entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and natural infections of some ticks with bacteria and fungi. Journal of African Zoology 109: 151 – 60.
Mythili P. 2003. ‘Effect of entomopathogenic fungi in the control of animal pests.’ M.V.Sc thesis submitted to Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Science University, Chennai–51.
Nickle W R. 1984. History, development and importance of insect nematology. Plant and Insect Nematodes. pp 627–53. New York, Marcel Dekker.
Padmanaban V, Prabakaran G, Paily K P and Balaraman K .2005. Toxicity of mosquitocidal metabolites of Pseudomonas fluorescence on larvae and pupae of the house fly Musca domestica. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2: 116–19.
Ponnudurai G, Harikrishnan T J and Anna T. 2003. Incidence of cysticercoids of poultry tapeworm Choanotaenia infundibulum in Musca domestica in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 38: 308–10.
Ponnudurai G, Harikrishnan T J and Anna T. 2007. Evaluation of herbal formulation against ectoparasites of livestock and poultry. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 77: 234–35.
Ponnudurai G and Harikrishnan T J .2008. Evaluation of larvicidal properties of Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis against larvae of house fly. Part- II scheme report submitted to the Government of Tamil Nadu.
Ponnudurai G, Harikrishnan T J and Rani N. 2009. In vitro evaluation of insect growth regulator Cyromazine (1%) against Musca domestica. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 23: 85– 88.
Ponnudurai G and Harikrishnan T J. 2011. House fly (Musca domestica) population around caged layer houses in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu. Indian Veterinary Journal 88: 22–23.
Quisenberry S S and Foster D E. 1984. Cost – benefit evaluation of house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) control in caged layer poultry house. Poultry Science 63: 2132–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0632132
Rani N. 2013. ‘Evaluation of plant essential oils for control of house flies.’ Thesis submitted to the Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai.
Renn 1998. The efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes for controlling house fly infestations of intensive pig units. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 12: 46–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2915.1998.00081.x
Rutz D A and Axtell R C. 1980 b. Invasion and establishment of house fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscida) parasites (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in new caged layer poultry house. Journal of Medical Entomology 17: 151–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/17.2.151
Sasaki T, Kobayashi M and Agui N. 2000b. Epidemiological potential of excretion and regurgitation by Musca domestica (Diptera : Muscidae) in dissemination of Escherichia coli O157: H7 to food. Journal of Medical Entomology 37: 945– 47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-37.6.945
Six D L and Mullens B A. 1996. Seasonal prevalence of Entomophthorae muscae and introduction of Entomophthora schizophorae in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) populations on California dairies. Biological Control 6: 315– 23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1996.0040
Shono T and Scott J G. 2003. Spinosad resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica is due to recessive factor on autosome1. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 75: 1 – 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-3575(03)00011-7
Shouky J F. 1997. Toxicological deteriorations of two volatile oils of Matricaria chamimilla and Clerodendron inerme on the adult house fly Musca domestica L. Journal of Egyptian Society for Parasitology 27: 893–904.
Smart G C. 1995. Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Biological control of insects. Supplement to the Journal of Nematology 27: 529 –34.
Srinivasan R and Balakrishnan N. 1989. A preliminary note on the parasitoids of Musca domestica (Diptera : Muscidae) in Pondicherry. Entomology 14: 349–52.
Stafford K C and Bay D E. 1987. Dispersion pattern and association of house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae and both sexes of Macrocheles muscae-domesticae (Acari: Macrochelidae) in response to poultry manure moisture, temperature and accumulation. Environmental Entomology 16: 159–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/16.1.159
Stafford K C and Collison C H. 1987. Manure pit temperature and relative humidity of Pennsylvania high rise poultry houses and their relationship to arthropod population development. Poultry Science 66: 1603–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0661603
Suba S, Sriranjani D, Harikrishnan T J and Arunkumar S. 2001. Comparative efficacy of neem and Cyromazine as insect growth regulators in the control of Muscid flies. Final report submitted to the Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, Chennai.
Sukontason K L, Boonchu N, Sukontason K and Choochote W. 2004. Effects of eucalyptol on house fly and blow fly. Revis do Inst de Medic Tropic de Sao Paul 46: 97–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652004000200008
Soulsby E J L. 1982. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. 7th edn, pp 809. Bailliere,Tindal. Sumathi K, Harikrishnan T J, Anna T and Ponnudurai G. 2011. Release of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chacididae and Pteromalidae) for control of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in poultry farms. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 46: 379– 84.
Tamilam T V. 2008. ‘Evaluation of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for control of house flies in poultry farms.’ Thesis submitted to Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 51.
Tamilam T V, Ponnudurai G, Harikrishnan T J and Balasubramaniam G A. 2010. Efficacy of thermocole coated with spores of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against adult house flies. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 24:155–58.
Townsend L H. 1977. ‘The synthetic pyrethroid Ectiban Permethrin as a treatment in the pest management of flies in caged layer poultry houses.’ Ph.D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. State Univ., Blacksburg.VA.
Watson D W, Mullens B A and Peterson J J. 1993. Behavioural fever response of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) to infection by Entomophthora muscae (Zygomycetus: Entomophthorales). Pathology 61: 10–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jipa.1993.1003
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.
How to Cite
