Evaluation of elution methods for recovery of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus from infected duck feathers
![](/public/icon/gor.png)
![](/public/icon/pdf.png)
Keywords:
Duck feathers, H5N1 subtype, Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Real-time RTPCR, Virus isolationAbstract
In view of the tenacity of viruses in the feathers, many workers have suggested the importance of using feathers as the diagnostic material for epidemiological surveillance of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infections. In this study, we have compared the efficiency of two different processing methods, immersion method and trituration method for elution of HPAI H5N1 virus from the feathers of avian influenza negative ducks in terms of virus isolation in 9-to 11-day-old embryonated specific pathogen free chicken eggs and viral RNA detection by haemagglutinin gene based real-time RTPCR. The recovery of virus by immersion method in terms of percent infectivity in 3 replicates was 96.67, 93.33 and 96.67, whereas in trituration method, percent infectivity was 26.67, 20 and 16.67. In real-time RTPCR, viral RNA could be detected in 17 out of 18 samples by immersion method and from only 2 out of 18 samples by trituration method. The study revealed that the immersion method gave higher viral infectivity percentage and could also be easily detected by real-time RTPCR. We conclude that immersion method of virus elution could be useful for processing of shed duck feathers present in the environment for epidemiological screening against HPAI H5N1 virus infections.Downloads
References
Busquets N, Abad F X, Alba A, Dolz R, Alepuz A, Rivas R, Ramis A, Darji A and Majo N. 2010. Persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H7N1) in infected chicken feather as a suitable sample for diagnosis. Journal of General Virology 91: 2307–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.021592-0
Delogu M, De Marco M A, Di Trani L, Raffini E, Cotti C, Puzelli S, Ostanello F, Webster R G, Cassone A and Donatelli I. 2010. Can preening contribute to influenza a virus infection in wild waterbirds. PLoS ONE 5 (6): e11315. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0011315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011315
Delogu M, De Marco M A, Cotti C, Di Trani L, Raffini E, Simona Puzelli, Robert G. Webster, Antonio Cassone and Isabella Donatelli. 2012. Human and animal integrated influenza surveillance: a novel sampling approach for an additional transmission way in the aquatic bird reservoir. Italian Journal of Public Health 2 (9): 29–36.
Lebarbenchon C, Poulson R, Shannon K, Slagter J, Slusher M J, Wilcox B R, Berdeen J, Knutsen G A, Cardona C J and Stallknecht D E. 2013. Isolation of influenza A viruses from wild ducks and feathers in Minnesota (2010–2011). Avian Diseases 57 (3): 677–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1637/10455-112512-ResNote.1
Lu H, Castro A E, Pennick K, Liu J, Yang Q, Dunn P, Weinstock D and Henzler D. 2003. Survival of avian influenza virus H7N2 in SPF chickens and their environments. Avian Diseases 47: 1015–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1015
Markwell D D and Shortridge K F.1982. Possible waterborne transmission and maintenance of influenza viruses in domestic ducks. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 43: 110–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.43.1.110-115.1982
Nemeth N M, Young G R, Burkhalter K L, Brault A C, Reisen W K and Komar N. 2009 . West Nile virus detection in nonvascular feathers from avian carcasses. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostics and Investigations 21: 616–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870902100505
OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health), 2008. Highly pathogenic avian influenza. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. 6th edn, pp: 465–81. OIE, Paris, France.
Payungporn S, Chutinimitkul S, Chaisingh A, Damrongwantanapokin S, Buranathai C, Amonsin A Theamboonlers A and Poovorawan Y. 2006. Singlestep multiplex real-time RT-PCR for H5N1 influenza A virus detection. Journal of Virological Methods 131 (2): 143–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.08.004
Reed L J and Muench H. 1938. A simple method for estimating the fifty percent end points. American Journal of Hygiene 27: 493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408
Rose K, Newman S, Uhart M and Lubroth J. 2006. Wild birds highly pathogenic avian influenza surveillance. Sample collection from healthy, sick and dead birds. FAO Animal Production and Health Manual No. 4. 73–84.
Spackman E, Senne D A, Myers T J, Bulaga L L, Garber L P, Perdue M L, Lohman K, Daum L T and Suarez D L. 2002. Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40: 3256–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.9.3256-3260.2002
Yamamoto Y, Nakamura K, Okamatsu M, Yamada M and Mase M. 2008. Avian influenza virus (H5N1) replication in feathers of domestic water fowl. Emerging Infectious Diseases 14: 149– 51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1401.071036
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.