Effect of increased incubation temperature on juvenile growth, immune and serum biochemical parameters in selected chicken populations

U RAJKUMAR; M SHANMUGAM; K S RAJARAVINDRA; A VINOTH; S V RAMA RAO

doi:10.56093/ijans.v85i12.54390

Authors

U RAJKUMAR Principal Scientist, Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 030 India
M SHANMUGAM Scientist, Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 030 India
K S RAJARAVINDRA Scientist, Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 030 India
A VINOTH Senior Research Fellow, Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 030 India
S V RAMA RAO Principal Scientist, Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 030 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v85i12.54390

Keywords:

Growth, Heat exposure, Immune response, Thermal adaptation

Abstract

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate reproductive performance, juvenile growth, immune response and serum biochemical parameters in Naked Neck (NN), Punjab Broiler-2 (PB-2) and Dahlem Red (DR) chicken exposed to 2°C increased incubation temperature for 3 h each on 16^th, 17^th and 18^th day of incubation in a randomized block design. The birds were reared at high ambient temperatures (32C-45°C) during summer. Higher incubation temperature had no effect on hatchability. There were no significant differences between the in ovo heat exposed or normal incubated chicks in weekly body weight, feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) except NN chicken. The cell mediated immune response to Phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) was significantly higher in heat exposed birds in NN and DR chickens. There were no significant differences between the treatments in other immune and serum biochemical parameters. There was significant difference between the genotypes in body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. PB-2 birds recorded significantly higher body weight from 14^th day to till 42^nd day. The NN birds had significantly higher FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) value and cell mediated immune response to PHA-P. The lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in PB-2 birds indicating high stress. In conclusion, prenatal exposure of 2°C increased incubation temperature had positive effect on juvenile growth in NN; cell mediated immune response (PHA-P) in NN and DR, while no effect was observed in all the parameters in PB-2 chicken.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Altan O, Pabuccuoglu A, Altan A, Konyalioglu S and Bayraktar H. 2003. Effect of heat stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers. British Poultry Science 44: 545– 50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660310001618334

Benzie I F F and Strain J J. 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry 239: 70–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292

Bowers G N and McComb R B. 1975. Measurement of total alkaline phosphatase activity in human serum. Clinical Chemistry 21: 1988–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/21.13.1988

Cahaner A, Deeb N and Gutman M. 1993. Effects of the plumagereducing naked neck (Na) gene on the performance of fastgrowing broilers at normal and high ambient temperature. Poultry Science 72: 767–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0720767

Collin A, Berri C, Tesseraud S, Requena Rodon F E, Skiba-Cassy S, Crochet S, Duclos M J, Rideau N, Tona K, Buyse J, Bruggeman V, Decuypere E, Picard M and Yahav S. 2007. Effects of thermal manipulation during early and late embryogenesis on thermotolerance and breast muscle characteristics in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 86: 795– 800. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.5.795

Galal A. 2008. Immunocompetance and some heamatological parameters of naked neck and normally feathered chicken. Journal of Poultry Science 45: 89–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.45.89

Halevy O, Yahav S and Rozenboim I. 2006. Enhancement of meat production by environmental manipulation in embryo and young broilers. World’s Poultry Science Journal 62: 485–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933906001103

Halle I and Tzschentke B. 2011. Influence of temperature manipulation during the last 4 days of incubation on hatching results, post hatching performance and adaptability to warm growing conditions in broiler chickens. Journal of Poultry Science 48: 97–105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.010056

Hammond C L, Simbi B H and Stickland N C. 2007. In ovo temperature manipulation influences embryonic motility and growth of limb tissues in the chick (Gallus gallus). Journal of Experimental Biology 210: 2667–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.005751

Janke O and Tzschentke B. 2010. Long lasting effect of changes in incubation temperature on heat stress induced neuronal hypothalamic c-Fos expression in chicken. Open Ornithology Journal 3:150–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874453201003010150

Loyau T, Berri C, Bedrani S, Coustard S M, Praud C, Duclos M J, Tesseraud S, Riddeau N, Everaert N, Yahav S, Grasteau S M and Collin A. 2013.Thermal manipulation of embryo modifies the physiology and body composition of broiler chickens reared in floor pens without affecting the breast meat processing quality. Journal of Animal Science 91: 3674–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6445

Maiorka A and Dahlke F. 2006. Broiler adaptation to post-hatching period. Clinical Rural, Santa Maria 36: 701–08. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782006000200057

Melesse A, Maak S, Pingel H and Lengerken G V. 2013. Assessing the thermo-tolerance potentials of five commercial layer chicken genotypes under long-term heat stress environment as measured by their performance traits. Journal of Animal Production Advances 3: 254–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/japa.20120929125835

Merat P. 1986. Potential usefulness of the Na (naked neck) gene in poultry production. World’s Poultry Science Journal 42: 124–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19860010

Moraes V M B, Malheiros R D, Bruggman V, Collin A, Tona K, Van A S P, Onagbesan O M, Buyse J, Decuypere E and Macari M. 2003. Effect of thermal conditioning during embryonic development on aspects of physiological responses of broiler to heat stress. Journal of Thermal Biology 28: 133–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4565(02)00049-9

Ohkawa Y, Ohishi N and Yagi K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry 95: 351–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3

Piestun Y, Halevy O, Shinder D, Ruzal M, Druyan S and Yahav S. 2011. Thermal manipulations during broiler embryogenesis improves post-hatch performance under hot conditions. Journal of Thermal Biology 36: 469– 74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.08.003

Piestun Y, Druyan S, Brake J and Yahav S. 2013. Thermal treatments prior to and during the beginning of incubation affect phenotypic characteristics of broiler chickens post hatching. Poultry Science 92: 882–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02568

Rajkumar U, Reddy B L N, Rajaravindra K S, Niranjan M, Bhattacharya T K, Chatterjee R N, Panda A K, Reddy M R and Sharma R P. 2010. Effect of Naked Neck gene on immune competence, serum biochemical and carcass traits in chicken under tropical climate. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 23: 867–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.90548

Rajkumar U, Reddy M R, Rama Rao S V, Radhika K and Shanmugam M. 2011. Evaluation of growth, carcass, immune competence, stress parametres in Naked Neck chicken and their normal siblings under tropical winter and summer temperatures. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 24: 509–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.10312

SAS institute. 2009. User’s Guide Version, 9.2, 2002–2009, SAS institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.

Thayer S G and Beard C W. 1998. Serologic procedures. A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens. 4th edn, pp. 248–54.

Tzschentke B. 2007. Attainment of thermoregulation and its influence by environmental factors. Poultry Science 86: 1025– 36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.5.1025

Tzschentke B and Halle I. 2009. Influence of temperature stimulation during the last 4 days of incubation on secondary sex ratio and later performance in male and female broiler chicks. British Poultry Science 50: 634–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660903186570

Werner C, Wecke C, Liebert F and Wicke M. 2010. Increasing the incubation temperature between embryonic day 7 and 10 has no influence on the growth and slaughter characteristics as well as meat quality of broilers. Animal 4: 810–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731109991698

Yahav S, Collin A, Shinder D, Picard M. 2004a. Thermal manipulations during broiler chick embryogenesis: effects of timing and temperature. Poultry Science 83: 1959–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.12.1959

Yahav S, Sasson Rath R and Shinder D. 2004b. The effect of thermal manipulations during embryogenesis of broiler chicks (Gallus domesticus) on hatchability, body weight and thermoregulation after hatch. Journal of Thermal Biology 29: 245–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.03.002

Yahav S. 2008. Thermal manipulation during the perinatal period. Does it improve thermo tolerance and performance of broiler chickens? Proceedings of the 19th Australian Poultry Science Symposium, New South Wales, Australia.

Yahav S. 2009. Alleviating heat stress in domestic fowl: different strategies. World’s Poultry Science Journal 65: 719–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S004393390900049X