Comparative evaluation of organic zinc supplementation as proteinate with inorganic zinc in buffalo heifers on health and immunity

D NAGALAKSHMI; K SADASIVA RAO; G ARUNA KUMARI; K SRIDHAR; M SATYANARAYANA

doi:10.56093/ijans.v86i3.56753

Authors

D NAGALAKSHMI College of Veterinary Science, Korutla, Karimnagar, Telangana
K SADASIVA RAO College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh
G ARUNA KUMARI College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh
K SRIDHAR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh
M SATYANARAYANA College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v86i3.56753

Keywords:

Antioxidant status, Buffalo heifers, Immune response, Ovarian folliculogenesis, Serum biochemical parameters, Zn proteinate

Abstract

Graded Murrah buffalo heifers (18) were randomly allotted to 3 dietary groups varying in source and level of Zn supplementation in concentrate mixture to study the effect of organic (O) Zn (Zn proteinate; Zn-prot) supplementation (80 or 140 ppm) compared to inorganic Zn (I) (ZnSO₄) (140 ppm) on serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status and ovarian folliculogenesis. Mineral and biochemical constituents in serum and antioxidant enzyme activities in haemolysate were measured on 90_th d of experiment. Antibody titres (log₂) against Brucella abortus S₁₉ and chicken RBC antigens was measured in serum at 7, 14, 21 and 28_th d post sensitization (humoral immunity) and cell mediated immunity was assessed (120 d) by in-vivo delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) against phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). After 60 days of feeding, ovarian folliculogenesis study was made daily with ultrasound scanner in all the animals for next 60 days. Highest Zn concentration in serum without affecting the retention of other minerals (Cu, Mn and Fe) was observed with 140 ppm Zn supplementation as Zn-prot and mineral concentrations was comparable between 80 ppm Zn as Zn-prot and 140 ppm Zn as ZnSO₄. Alkaline phosphatase, total protein, globulin, and glucose concentrations in serum increased with organic Zn supplementation. Organic Zn lowered lipid peroxidation (140O<80O<140I) and improved RBC catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (140O>80O>140I) activities. Antibody titres against B. abortus and chicken RBC and in vivo DTH response improved with organic Zn supplementation. Similarly, irrespective of the dose, organic Zn supplementation significantly increased the number of large follicle with greater follicular size in ovary. The study indicated that 140 ppm Zn supplementation as Zn-prot resulted in better antioxidant status, immune response and folliculogenesis in ovaries than inorganic source and the Zn supplementation could be reduced from 140 to 80 ppm as Zn-prot without any adverse effect in buffalo heifers.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agarwal A, Aponte-Mellado A, Premkumar B J, Shaman A and Gupta S. 2012. The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 10 (1): 49–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-10-49

Alton G G, Jones L M and Pietz D E. 1975. Laboratory Techniques in Brucellosis. 2nd edition. WHO Monograph Series, 55. WHO, Geneva.

Arenza J S, Hathi S D, Singh B and Verma P N. 1977. Status of some microminerals in neonatal buffalo calves and their mothers. Indian Journal of Dairy Science 30: 255–57.

Ayman Ahmed H, Ghada Mostafa El A and Soliman Mohamed S. 2011. Effect of supplementation of chelated zinc on milk production in ewes. Food and Nutrition Sciences 2: 760–73.

Bergmeyer H U. 1983. Catalase. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Vol 2, Weinheim, Verlag Chemie. pp. 165–66

Cannan R K 1958. Laboratory Methods. Proposal for a certified standard for use in hemoglobinometry second and final report. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 52 (3): 471–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/30.3.211

Chasapis C T, Loutsidou A C, Spiliopoulou C A and Stefanidou M E. 2012. Zinc and human health: an update. Archives of Toxicology 86 (4): 521–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0775-1

Cooper G R and Mc Daniel V. 1970. Assay methods. (Ed.) Mc Donald R.P. Standard Methods for Clinical Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 159 –70.

Cope C M, Mackenzie A M, Wilde D and Sinclair L A. 2009. Effects of level and form of dietary zinc on dairy cow performance and health. Journal of Dairy Science 92 (5): 2128–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1232

Devi J, Goswami J, Sarmah B C and Sarma K. 2014. Effect of zinc supplementation on serum enzymatic activities of Assam local kids. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants 20 (1): 108– 10.

Duncan D B. 1955. Multiple ‘F’ test. Biometrics 1: 142. Garg A K, Mudgal V and Dass R S. 2008. Effect of organic zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization and mineral profile in lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 144 (1): 82–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.10.003

Gowda N K S, Pal D T, Gupta R, Prasad C S and Sampath K T. 2009. Feed Resources and Feeding Practices in Different Agro- Eco Zones of India. NIANP, Bangalore.

Gruber K and Rink L. 2013. The role of zinc in immunity and inflammation. Diet, Immunity and Inflammation. 1 edn, pp. 123–56. (Eds) Calder P C and Yaqoob P. Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095749.2.123

Gustafsson E J. 1976. Improved specificity of serum albumin determination and estimation of acute phase of reactants by use of the bromocresol green. Quinn Chemicals 22: 616–22. ICAR. 2013. Nutrient Requirements of Cattle and Buffalo. Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/22.5.616

Jia W, Zhu X, Zhang W, Cheng J, Guo C and Jia Z. 2009. Effects of source of supplemental zinc on performance, nutrient digestibility and plasma mineral profile in Cashmere goats. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 22: 1648–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.80649

Kind P R and King E J. 1954. Estimation of plasma phosphatase by determination of hydrolyzed phenol with amino-antipyrine. Journal of Clinical Pathology 7: 322–326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.7.4.322

Laar H V and Jongbloed A W. 2010. Effect of zinc and copper on health and fertility in cattle, Internal Report 201004, Wageningen UR Livestock Research.

Madesh M and Balasubramanian K A. 1998. Microtiter plate assay for superoxide dismutase using MTT reduction by superoxide. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 35: 184–88.

Mallaki M, Norouzian M A and Khadem A A. 2015. Effect of organic zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, and plasma zinc status in lambs. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 39 (1): 75–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1405-79

Marklund S L, Westman N G, Lundgren E and Roos G. 1982 Copper and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, manganese- containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in normal and neoplastic human cell lines and normal human tissues. Cancer Research 42: 1955–6l.

Miller J K and Cragle R G. 1965. Gastrointestinal sites of absorption and endogenous secretion of zinc in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 48:370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(65)88231-5

Monem U A and El-Shahat K H. 2011. Effect of different dietary levels of inorganic zinc oxide on ovarian activities, reproductive performance of Egyptian Baladi ewes and growth of their lambs. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 14 (2): 116–23.

Nagalakshmi D, Dhanalakshmi K and Himabindu D. 2009 a. Effect of dose and source of supplemental zinc on immune response and oxidative enzymes in lambs. Veterinary Research Communications 33 (7): 631–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-009-9212-9

Nagalakshmi D, Reddy M R and Prasad M R. 2009 b. Mineral status of dairy animals in high altitude and tribal zone of Andhra Pradesh. Proceedings of ANA World Conference, 14th-17th February, 2009, New Delhi.

Nagalakshmi D, Rao K S, Aruna G and Sridhar K. 2014. Effect of dietary zinc supplementation on ovarian folliculogenesis in buffalo heifers. Proceedings of Global animal nutrition conference, pp. 231. 20–22 April, 2014. Bangalore.

Osaretin A T E and Gabriel A A. 2009. Effect of zinc deficiency on memory, oxidative stress and blood chemistry in rats. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 3 (3): 513–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v3i3.45325

Oteiza P I. 2012. Zinc and the modulation of redox homeostasis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 53 (9): 1748–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.568

Paglia D E and Valentine W N. 1967. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative of erythrocyte glutathion peroxidase. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 70: 158–68.

Paik H Y, Joung H, Lee J Y, Lee H K, King J C and Keen C L. 1999. Serum extracellular superoxide dismutase activity as an indicator of zinc status in humans. Biological trace element research 69 (1): 45–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02783914

Placer Z A, Cushman L L and Johnson B C. 1966. Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (MalonylDialdehyde) in biochemicalsystems. Anal Biochemistry 16: 359–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(66)90167-9

Prasad A S. 2014 Zinc: An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent: Role of zinc in degenerative disorders of aging. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 28 (4): 364–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.07.019

Quist C F, Howerth E W, Bounous D I and Stallknecht D E. 1997. Cell mediated immune response and IL-2 production in white triated deer experimentally infected with haemorrhage disease viruses. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 56: 283–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(96)05747-9

Reinhold J G. 1953. Standard Methods of Clinical Chemistry. p. 88. (Ed.) Rynner M. New York, Academic Press.

Shinde P L, Garg A K, Das R S, Chaturvedi V K and Kaushik P. 2007. Effect of dietary supplementation of zinc on humoral immunity Effect of dietary supplementation of zinc on humoral immunity in guinea pigs. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 24 (1): 55–58.

Snedecor G W and Cochran W G. 1994. Statistical Methods. 8th edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

Spears J W. 1996. Organic trace minerals in ruminant nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 58 (1): 151–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00881-0

Tian X and Diaz F J. 2011. Zinc depletion causes multiple defects in ovarian function during the periovulatory period in mice. Endocrinology 153 (2): 873–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1599

Wang R L, Liang J G, Lu L, Zhang L Y, Li S F and Luo X G. 2013. Effect of zinc source on performance, zinc status, immune response, and rumen fermentation of lactating cows. Biological trace element research 152 (1): 16–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9585-4

Wegmann N T G and Smithies O. 1966. A simple haemagglutination system requiring small amounts of red cells and antibodies transfusion. Philadelphia 6: 67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04696.x