Impact of feeding essential oils on feed fermentation and rumen microbial profile in crossbred cattle calves

A KUMAR; D N KAMRA; N AGARWAL; L C CHAUDHARY

doi:10.56093/ijans.v87i5.70247

Authors

A KUMAR Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
D N KAMRA Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
N AGARWAL Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
L C CHAUDHARY Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v87i5.70247

Keywords:

Calves, Crossbred cattle, Essential oils, Methane, Microbes, Rumen

Abstract

The essential oils (EOs), viz. ajwain (Trachyspermum copticum, AjO), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, LO), clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oleoresin (CO) and a blend (BEO) of the 3 were screened using in vitro gas production test for their potential to mitigate methane production. Inclusion of all the 3 EOs and BEO at the rate of 1.0 μl/ml of incubation medium resulted in a depression in total gas and methane production with a maximum reduction of 91.6 and 97.2% by BEO. Feed digestibility was significantly reduced by all the 3 EOs and BEO as compared to control but was similar among the 4 treatments. The level of total volatile fatty acids, acetic and propionic acids in fermented medium was significantly decreased by inclusion of EOs and BEO. Based on the results of these results, BEO was selected for the feeding trial. Ten crossbred cattle calves (average body weight, 68Â±5 kg) were divided into 2 groups of 5 animals each and subjected to 2 treatments i.e. diet without (control) and with BEO @ 0.1 mL/kg BW (treated). The diet comprised concentrate mixture (21.9%, CP and 71.1% TDN) and wheat straw in 50:50 ratio. There was no impact of BEO feeding on rumen metabolites and enzyme profile. As assessed by real time PCR, the population of protozoa and Ruminococcus albus reduced, whereas, bacteria, fungi, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens remained unaffected by BEO feeding. Methanogen population density tended to reduce by BEO feeding. The results clearly indicated that BEO exhibited antimethanogenic activity in in vitro system. By feeding BEO, the decreased population density of protozoa and methanogens in the rumen, the 2 major microbial groups involved in methanogenesis, also supported antimethnogenic property of BEO.

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