Ultrasonography and laparoscopy as a diagnostic tool for evaluation of genitalia in cows

K A SOFI; M M SINGH

doi:10.56093/ijans.v88i11.85030

Authors

K A SOFI Assistant Professor, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir
M M SINGH Professor, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 1760 62 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v88i11.85030

Keywords:

Abnormalities, Bovines, Cows, Evaluation, Genitalia, Laparoscopy, Ultrasonography

Abstract

The present study was conducted for evaluating genitalia of cows (17) through transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and transabdominal laparoscopy (TAL) as a diagnostic tool. Genital tract of cows was initially examined by rectal palpation followed by TRUS and a day later TAL was conducted through flank approach.The study revealed: 35.3, 41.2 and 88.2% ovarian abnormalities; 5.8, 35.3 and 70.6% oviduct and adnexal abnormalities; and 23.6, 47.1 and 52.9% uterine abnormalities, by rectal palpation, TRUS and TAL, respectively. However, cervical abnormalities diagnosed were 35.3 and 52.9% by rectal palpation and TRUS respectively. TAL enabled to evaluate ovarian and oviduct and adnexal abnormalities accurately followed by TRUS than rectal palpation but ultrasound enabled to differentiate abnormalities like cystic ovaries, hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx based on echogenicity compared to laparoscopy. However, TRUS proved to be very useful in diagnosing and differentiating uterine and cervical abnormalities compared to TAL and rectal palpation. It was concluded that both ultrasonography and laparoscopy are better diagnostic tools for evaluation of genitalia of bovines compared to rectal palpation and both these tools provided supplementary evidence in diagnosing and differentiating different genital abnormalities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akhter M, Hoque M N, Shamsuddin M I, Alam M G S and Bari F Y. 2013. Ultrasonography for the management of reproductive disorders in dairy cows. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 5(5): 61–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-0556166

Ali A and Razek A K A. 2002. Ultrasonography in detecting uterine pathology in cattle and sheep. 14th congress of ESARF. pp 1– 10.

Allen W R, Wilsher S, Morris L, Crowhurst J S, Hillyer M H and Neal H N. 2006. Re-establishment of oviductal patency and fertility in infertile mares. Animal Reproduction Science 94: 242–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.04.035

Arnold C E and Love C C. 2013. Laparoscopic evaluation of oviductal patency in standing mare. Theriogenology 79: 905– 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.12.004

Chaffaux S, Valon F and Martinez J. 1982. Evoluation de l’image echographique du produit de conception chez la vache. Bull Academy of Veterinarian France 55: 213–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4267/2042/65200

Guay P and Bedoya M. 1981. A study of the equivalence between rectal palpation, laparoscopy, laparotomy and ovarian dissection for evaluation of the ovarian response of PMSG superovulated cows. Canadian Veterinary Journal 22: 353–55.

Grygar I, Vanatka F, Vinkler A and Kudlac E. 1992. Comparison of the accuracy of diagnostics of physiological and pathological conditions in bovine ovaries by means of rectal palpation and ultrasonography. Acta Veterinaria Brno 61: 219– 30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2754/avb199261040219

Honparkhe M, Gandotra V K and Nanda A S. 2007. Ultrasonographic size and characteristics of reproductive organs of repeat breeder buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 77: 821–24.

Kumar V and Purohit G N. 2009. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of the bovine genital tract disorders. Online Veterinary Journal (Vet Scan) 4(2): 1–10.

Kumar V and Raj A. 2012. Laparoscopic diagnosis of gross reproductive abnormalities in free-ranging female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Veterinary Science Development 2: 59–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/vsd.2012.3816

Pierson R A and Ginther O J. 1984. Ultrasonography of the bovine ovary. Theriogenology 21: 495–504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(84)90411-4

Roberts E M. 1968. Endoscopy of the reproductive tract of the ewe. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 7: 192.

Sharma A, Kumar A, Imran S, Sood P and Asrani R K. 2012. Ultrasonographic, surgical, and histopathological findings of a uterine leiomyoma in a cow. Veterinary Medicine. Article ID # 536204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/536204

Sunia P K. 2015. ‘Vaginoscopic, ultrasonographic and haematological studies in dairy cows with endometritis and studies on the efficacy of different treatments.’ M.V.Sc Thesis, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, RAJUVAS, Bikaner. Pp 73.

Wilson G L. 1983. Laparoscopic examination of mares. Veterinary Medicine And Small Animal Clinician 78(10): 1629–33.

Witherspoon D M and Talbot R B. 1970. Nocturnal ovulation in the equine animal. Veterinary Record 87(11): 302–04. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.87.11.302