Effect of betaine supplementation on haematology, serum enzymes and hormone profile in gestating sows
201 / 134
Keywords:
Betaine, Cortisol, Serum enzymes, Sows, StressAbstract
The study was conducted to study the effect of betaine supplementation on haematology, serum enzymes and hormones profile in gestating sows. For the study, artificially inseminated 18 crossbred (Landrace × Desi) sows were randomly distributed into 3 groups with 6 sows in each following a completely randomized design (CRD). Group T0 was fed with basal diet (control) and betaine was supplemented in group T1 and T2 @ 3 g/kg basal diet during late pregnancy (d 76 onwards till parturition) and throughout the length of gestation, respectively. The results revealed that betaine supplementation had no significant effect on the haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, platelet count and white blood cells (WBC) count. Similarly, the serum enzymes such as aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phoshatase (ALP), lactate dehydogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) revealed no significant effect of betaine supplementation. The serum concentration of T3 and T4 hormone (ng/ml) of sows was significantly higher at the time of farrowing compared to the level at the time of insemination. The serum concentration of cortisol (ng/ml) of sows was significantly reduced in betaine supplemented groups compared to control. Thus, based on the results pertaining to cortisol levels in gestating, sows it can be concluded that betaine supplementation @ 3 g/kg diet, 76 day post insemination is beneficial to ameliorate the oxidative stress during pregnancy.
Downloads
References
Bagnasco S, Balaban R, Fales H M, Yang Y M and Burg M. 1986. Predominant osmotically active organic solutes in rat and rabbit renal medullas. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261: 5872–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(17)38464-8
Cabezon F. 2017. ‘Heat stress alleviation in boars and lactating sows by betaine supplementation and floor cooling’. PhD Thesis, Department of Animal Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Carr J. 1998. Basic haematology and biochemistry. (Ed.) Carr J. Garth Pig Stockmanship Standards. 5M Enterprises Ltd., Sheffield, UK.
Close W H, Noblet J and Heavens R P. 1985. Studies on the energy-metabolism of the pregnant sow. 2. The partition and utilization of metabolizable energy-intake in pregnant and non- pregnant animals. British Journal of Nutrition 53: 267–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19850034
Cools A, Maes D, Buyse J, Kalmar I D, Vandermeiren J A and Janssens G P J. 2010. Effect of N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation in parturition feed for sows on metabolism, nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance. Animal 4(12): 2004–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731110001242
D’Souza D N, Dunshea F R, Warner R D and Leury B J. 1998. The effect of handling pre-slaughter and carcass processing rate post-slaughter on pork quality. Meat Science 50: 429–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(98)00055-2
DADF. 2014. 19th Livestock Census – 2012, All India Report. Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi.
de Bragança, M M, Mounier A M and Prunier A. 1998. Does feed restriction mimic the effects of increased ambient temperature in lactating sows. Journal of Animal Science 76: 2017–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.7682017x
Duncan J R and Prasse K W. 1955. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, 2nd edn. Iowa State University Press.
Guyton. 2006. Pregnancy and Lactation. Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th edn. Pp 1035
Hicks T A, McGlone J J, Whisnant C S, Kattesh H G and Norman R L. 1998. Behavioural, endocrine, immune, and performance measures for pigs exposed to acute stress. Journal of Animal Science 76: 474–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.762474x
Hwang Y H, Hur S J, Park G B and Joo S T. 2010. Effects of dietary glycine betaine on blood characteristics and pork quality. Journal of Muscle Foods 21: 87–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4573.2009.00169.x
Hytten F. 1985. Blood volume changes in normal pregnancy. Clinical Haematology 14: 601–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-2261(21)00496-3
Lever M, Sizeland P C M, Frampton C M and Chambers S T. 2004. Short and long-term variation of plasma glycine betaine concentrations in humans. Clinical Haematology 37: 184–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.004
Li L L, Hou Z P, Yin Y L, Liu Y H, Hou D X, Zhang B, Wu G Y, Kim, Fan M Z, Yang C B, Kong X F, Tang Z R, Peng H Z, Deng D, Deng Z Y, Xie M Y, Xiong H, Kang P and Wang S X. 2007. Intramuscular administration of zinc metallothionein to preslaughter stressed pigs improves anti-oxidative status and pork quality. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 20: 761–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2007.761
Matthews J O, Southern L L, Bidner T D and Persica M A. 2001. Effects of betaine, pen space, and slaughter handling method on growth performance, carcass traits, and pork quality of finishing barrows. Journal of Animal Science 79(4): 967–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.794967x
NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th edn. National Academic Press, Washington, DC, US.
Parker A J, Dobson G P and Fitzpatrick L A. 2007. Physiological and metabolic effects of prophylactic treatment with the osmolytes glycerol and betaine on Bos indicus steers during long duration transportation. Journal of Animal Science 85(11): DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-193
–23.
Pere M C, Etienne M, and Dourmad J Y. 2000. Adaptations of glucose metabolism in multiparous sows: effects of pregnancy and feeding level. Journal of Animal Science 78: 2933–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.78112933x
Reese D E, Peo E R Jr, Lewis A J and Hogg A. 1984. Serum chemical values of gestating and lactating swine: Reference values. American Journal of Veterinary Research 45: 978–80. Schrama J W, Heetkamp M J W, Simmins P H and Gerrits W J J. 2003. Dietary betaine supplementation affects energy metabolism of pigs. Journal of Animal Science 81: 1202–09. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.8151202x
Song R, Foster D and Shurson G. 2011. Effects of feeding diets containing bacitracin methylene disalicylate to heat-stressed finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 89: 1830–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3218
Sutherland M A, Niekamp S R, Johnson R W, Van Alstine W G and Johnson J L S. 2007. Heat and social rank impact behaviour and physiology of PRRS-virus-infected pigs. Physiology and Behaviour 90: 73–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.08.029
Weldon W C, Lewis A J, Louis G F, Kovar J L and Miller P S. 1994. Postpartum hypophagia in primiparous sows. 2. Effects of feeding level during gestation and exogenous insulin on lactation feed-intake, glucose-tolerance, and epinephrine stimulated release of non-esterified fatty-acids and glucose. Journal of Animal Science 72: 395–403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1994.722395x
Zanjani E D, Mann L I, Burlington H, Gordon A S and Wasserman L S. 1974. Evidence for a physiologic role of erythropoietin in a fetal erythropoiesis. Blood 44: 285–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V44.2.285.285
Zhang L, Ying S J An, Lian W J, Zhou G B and Han Z Y. 2014. Effects of dietary betaine supplementation subjected to heat stress on milk performances and physiology indices in dairy cow. Genetics and Molecular Research 13(3): 7577–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.September.12.25
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.