Stress due to vaccination may induce re-activation of latent bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle

B M CHANDRANAIK; POOJA GOPIKUMAR; AMITHA REENA GOMES; POORVI REDDY; POOJAPPA NANDINI; M SHOBHA RANI; M D VENKATESHA; S M BYREGOWDA

doi:10.56093/ijans.v89i9.93749

Authors

B M CHANDRANAIK Scientist, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
POOJA GOPIKUMAR MSc Scholar, Department of Microbiology, St Josephs College, Bengaluru.
AMITHA REENA GOMES Scientist, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
POORVI REDDY Laboratory Technician, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
POOJAPPA NANDINI Laboratory Technician, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
M SHOBHA RANI Scientist, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
M D VENKATESHA Scientist, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
S M BYREGOWDA Director, Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Hebbal, Bengaluru

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v89i9.93749

Keywords:

Bovine herpesvirus-1, Latency, Re-activation, Vaccination stress, Virus isolation

Abstract

This study evidences that, stress due to vaccination can cause re-activation and clinical outbreak of bovine herpesvirus-1 in latently infected cattle. Three to four days following mass-vaccination of cattle against Foot and Mouth Disease in Karnataka of India, symptoms of acute respiratory distress, conjunctivitis and vulvo-vaginitis were observed in vaccinated cattle in many villages of the state. Nasal and ocular swabs were collected from 25 ailing cattle in six villages of Hassan district of Karnataka. Upon bacteriological analysis, the samples were found negative for Pasteurella multocida. The serum samples from ailing animals were positive for bovine herpesvirus- 1 (BoHV-1) antibodies by Indirect-ELISA. The swab samples were found for BoHV-1 by PCR targeting glycoprotein- C gene of BoHV-1. The swab samples when subjected to virus isolation in MDBK cells yielded characteristic CPE of bunch of grape like clustering of cells by fifth passage. PCR targeting conserved region on glycoprotein-C gene on DNA extracted from cell-culture supernatants showing CPE confirmed the presence of BoHV-1. Nucleotide sequencing of the PCR amplicon showed that the BoHV-1 isolated during this study shared 100% sequence identity with BoHV-1 isolates from India, Switzerland and Brazil. This study emphasizes that stress due to vaccination can cause re-activation and clinical outbreak of bovine herpesvirus-1 in latently infected cattle.

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