Effect of herbal feed additive containing saponins on the performance of goat kids

J S HUNDAL; M WADHWA; M P S BAKSHI; M K CHATLI

doi:10.56093/ijans.v90i2.98813

Authors

J S HUNDAL Animal Nutritionist, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004 India
M WADHWA Senior Nutritionist and Head, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004 India
M P S BAKSHI Former Senior Nutritionist and Head, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004 India
M K CHATLI Professor and Head, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i2.98813

Keywords:

Beetal goat kids, Blood profile, Carcass quality, Herbal feed additive, Nutrient utilization, Purine derivatives

Abstract

This study was taken up to assess the effect of supplementing Macrotyloma uniflorum (an herbal feed additive; HFA) on nutrient utilization, productive performance and meat quality of goat kids. Eight male Beetal goat kids (5 months old; body weight 14.05±0.41 kg) divided in to 2 equal groups were either fed a control total mixed ration (TMR) containing concentrate and green fodder in 50: 50 ratio on DM basis or control TMR supplemented with M. uniflorum @ 2.0% of DM intake for 90 days. Simultaneously, rumen studies were conducted on three rumen fistulated male bucks. Higher total-N, trichloroacetic acid precipitable nitrogen (TCA-N) and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) concentration was observed in strained rumen contents (SRC) of animals fed M. uniflorum supplemented TMR as compared to control. Supplementation of TMR with M. uniflorum increased the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and fermentation efficiency while efficiency of conversion of hexose to methane decreased in M. uniflorum supplemented TMR in comparison to control TMR. Nutrients digestibility, N-retention, urinary excretion of purine derivatives, blood profile and average daily gain were comparable in both the groups. The higher ready to cook (RTC) carcass percentage resulted in higher RTC carcass yield in M. uniflorum supplemented group. Overall, the weight of most of the primal cuts expressed as per cent of dressed weight improved in goat kids fed TMR supplemented with M. uniflorum as compared to those fed control diet. Hence, the higher weight of most of the primal cuts can be achieved in Beetal goat kids by supplementing the TMR with M. uniflorum (kulthi) at 2% of DM intake.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Afrose S, Hossain M S and Tsujii H. 2011. Effect of dietary Karaya saponins on serum and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. British Poultry Science 51: 797–804. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2010.526924

Allain C C, Lucy S P, Cicely S G C, Richmond W and Paulm C. 1974. Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum. Clinical Chemistry 20: 470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/20.4.470

AOAC. 2007. Official Methods of Analysis.18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.

Aregheore E M. 2005. Effect of Yucca schidigera saponin on the nutritive value of urea–ammoniated maize stover and its feeding value when supplemented with forage legumes (Calliandra calothyrsus) for goats. Small Ruminant Research 56: 95–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.03.006

Bampidis V A, Christodoulou V, Florou–Paneri P, Christaki E, Spais A B and Chatzopoulou P. 2005. Effect of dietary oregano leaves supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 121: 285–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.002

Baran M and •itòan R. 2002. Effect of monensin sodium on fermentation efficiency in sheep rumen. Archiv fur Tierzucht, Dummerstorf 45: 181–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-45-181-2002

BIS. 1999. Primal cuts of lamb and goat. Meat and Meat Products Technology. (Ed.) Sharma B D. Jaypee Brother, New Delhi.

Chen X B and Gomes J M. 1992. Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives and overview of the technical detail. International Feed Resources Unit. Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn Aberdeen, UK. Occasional publication. Pp 1–19.

Cline J H, Hershberger T V and Bantley O G. 1958. Utilization and/or synthesis of valeric acid during digestion of glucose, starch and cellulose by rumen microorganisms in vitro. Journal of Animal Science 17: 824. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1958.172284x

Cottyn B G and Boucque C V. 1968. Rapid method for the gas– chromatographic determination of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 16: 105–07. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60155a002

Czerkawski J W. 1986. An Introduction to Rumen Studies. Pergamon Press, Oxford. Pp 221–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-025486-9.50007-4

Dapoza C, Castrilloo C, Balcells J, Orue S M and Guada J A. 1999. On the variation of urinary excretion of creatinine and purine derivatives in pregnant and lactating ewes given diets with different protein contents. Journal of Animal Science 68: 555–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S135772980005058X

Doumas B T, Watson W A and Briggs H G. 1971. Albumin standards and the measurements of serum albumin with bromocresol green. Clinical Chemistry Acta 31: 87–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(71)90365-2

Evans R T. 1968. Technical methods –Manual and automated methods for measuring urea based on a modification of its reaction with diacetylmonoxime and thiosemicarbazide. Pp 527–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.21.4.527

Folin O and Wu H. 1919. A system of blood analysis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 38: 81–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)87378-1

Getachew G, Makkar H P S and Becker K. 2000. Effect of polyethylene glycol on in vitro degradability of nitrogen and microbial protein synthesis from tannin–rich browse and herbaceous legumes. British Journal of Nutrition 84: 73–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114500001252

Goel G, Makkar H P S and Becker K. 2008. Effects of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum–graecum L.) seeds and their extracts on partitioning of nutrients from roughage– and concentrate– based feeds to methane. Animal Feed Science and Technology 147: 72–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.09.010

Hess H D, Beuret R A, Lötscher M, Hindrichsen I K, Machmüller A, Carulla J E, Lascano C E and Kreuzer M. 2014. Ruminal fermentation, methanogenesis and nitrogen utilization of sheep receiving tropical grass hay–concentrate diets offered with Sapindus saponaria fruits and Cratyliaar gentea foliage. Animal Science 79: 177–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800054643

Holtshausen L, Chaves A V, Beauchemin K A, McGinn S M, McAllister T A, Odongo N E, Cheeke P R and Benchaar C. 2009. Feeding saponin containing Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria to decrease enteric methane production in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92: 2809–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1843

Hu W L, Liu J X, Wu Y M, Guo Y M and Ye J A. 2006. Effect of tea saponin on in vitro ruminal fermentation and growth performance in growing Boer goat. Archives of Animal Nutrition 60: 89–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390500353119

Hundal J S, Wadhwa M and Bakshi M P S. 2019. Herbal feed additives containing saponins: 1. Impact on in vitro methane mitigation potential and rumen fermentation pattern. Indian Journal of Animal Science (submitted).

IAEA. 1985. Laboratory Training Manual on the Use of Nuclear Techniques in Animal Nutrition. Technical Reports Series No. 248, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 301.

IAEA. 1997. Estimation of rumen microbial protein production from purine derivatives in urine. IAEA–TECDOC (International Atomic Energy Agency– Technical Document)– 945.

Iason G. 2005. The role of plant secondary metabolites in mammalian herbivory: ecological perspectives. Proceedings of Nutrition Society 64: 123–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2004415

Kadim I, Mahgoub O, Al–Ajmi D, Al–Maqbaly R, Al–Saqri N and Ritchie A. 2004. An evaluation of the growth, carcass and meat quality characteristics of Omani goat breeds. Meat Science 66: 203–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(03)00092-5

Kumbhar V, Chatli M K, Wagh R V, Kumar P, Malav O P and Mehta N. 2018. Efficacy of composite fat replacer mixture of sodium alginate and carrageenan for development of low fat pork patties. International Journal of Livestock Research 8: 94–105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20180421070155

Lindberg J E. 1985. Urinary allantoin excretion and digestible organic matter intake in dairy goats. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 15: 31–37.

Lovett D K, Stack L, Lovell S, Callan J, Flynn B, Hawkins M and O’Mara F P. 2006. Effect of feeding Yucca schidigera extract on the performance of lactating dairy cows and ruminal fermentation parameters in steers. Livestock Science 102: 23– 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2005.11.005

Lu C D and Jorgensen N A. 1987. Alfalfa saponins affect site and extent of nutrient digestion in ruminants. Journal of Nutrition 117: 919–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/117.5.919

Mao H L, Wang J K, Zhou Y Y and Liu J X. 2010. Effects of addition of tea saponins and soybean oil on methane production, fermentation and microbial population in the rumen of growing lambs. Livestock Science 129: 56–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.12.011

McGowan M W, Artiss J D, Strandbergh D R and Zak B. 1983. A peroxidase–coupled method for the colorimetric determination of serum triglycerides. Clinical Chemistry 29: 538–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/29.3.538

McGregor B A. 2000. Meat, carcass and offal yields of goats. Goat specialist agriculture Victoria, Victorian Institute of Animal Science. www.acga.org.au/goatnotes /H007.php

Nasri S and Ban S H. 2012. Effect of oral administration of Agave americana or Quillaja saponaria extracts on digestion and growth of Barbarine female lamb. Livestock Science 147: 59– 65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2012.04.001

Nasri S, Ban Salem H, Vasta V, Abidi S, Makkar H P S and Priolo A. 2011. Effect of increasing levels of Quillaja saponaria on digestion, growth and meat quality of Barbarine lamb. Animal Feed Science and Technology 164: 71–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.12.005

NRC. 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.

Okenfull D and Sidhu G. 1990. Could saponin be a useful treatment for hypercholesterolemia. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44: 79–88.

Ørskov E R, Flatt W P and Moe P W. 1968. Fermentation balance approach to estimate extent of fermentation and efficiency of volatile fatty acids formation in ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science 51: 1429–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(68)87208-X

Owolabi O A, James D B, Ibrahim A B, Folorunsho O F, Bwalla I and Akanta F. 2010. Changes in lipid profile of aquous and ethanolic extracts of Blighia sapida in rats. Asian Journal of Medical Science 2: 177–80.

Patra A K, Kamra D N and Agarwal N. 2006. Effect of plant extracts on in vitro methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feed in rumen liquor of buffalo. Animal Feed Science and Technology 128: 276–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.11.001

Pen B, Sar C, Mwenya B, Kuwaki K, Morikawa R and Takahashi J. 2006. Effects of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane emission. Animal Feed Science and Technology 129: 175–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.01.002

Pen B, Takaura K, Yamaguchi S, Asa R and Takahashi J. 2007. Effects of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria with or without β–1, 4 galacto–oligosaccharides on ruminal fermentation, methane production and nitrogen utilization in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 138: 75–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.11.018

Singer M D, Robinson H P, Salem A Z M and DePeters E J. 2008. Impact of rumen fluid modified by feeding Yucca schidigera to lactating dairy cows on in vitro gas production of 11 common dairy feedstuffs, as well as animal performance. Animal Feed Science and Technology 146: 242–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.12.010

Snedecor G W and Cochran W G. 1994. Statistical Methods. Oxford and IBH Publications, New Delhi.

SPSS. 2007. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences. Version 16, SPSS Inc., Illinois, USA.

Trinder P. 1969. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose– oxidase with an alternate oxygen accepter. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 6: 24–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000456326900600108

Trivedi R C, Rebar L, Berta E and Strong L. 1978. New enzymatic method for serum uric acid at 500 nm. Clinical Chemistry 24: 1908–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/24.11.1908

Van Soest P J, Robertson J B and Lewis B A. 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2

Wang C J, Wang S P and Zhou H. 2009. Influences of flavomycin, ropadiar, and saponin on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and methane emission from sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 148: 157–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.03.008

Yanez E A, Resende K T and Ferreira A C D. 2006. Food restriction in goats: yield, commercial cuts and carcass composition. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35: 2093–2100.

Young E G and Conway C F. 1942. On the estimation of allantoin by Rimini–Schryver reaction. Journal of Biological Chemistry 142: 839–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)45082-X

Zhou Y Y, Mao H L, Jiang F, Wang J K, Liu J X and McSweeney C S. 2011. Inhibition of rumen methanogenesis by tea saponins with reference to fermentation pattern and microbial communities in Hu sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166: 93–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.007