Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Tribal Farmers of Jharkhand through Institutional Linkages

Abstract

Public sector extension continues to be the most important source of information for majority of farmers but its
performance is under scrutiny for quite some time and questions are being raised on its capability to deliver goods and
services in the rapidly changing environment. The shifting emphasis of Indian agriculture towards diversification,
commercialization, sustainability and efficiency has made it necessary to look for new approaches and models for
extension. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) over the period has experimented with different extension
approaches and models which have immensely contributed to the development of roadmaps for national extension
systems. One such model of Institutional partnership based extension to diffuse IARI technologies all over India, a
partnership led extension was initiated under National Extension Programme. Under this programme the IARI varieties
and production technologies were diffused in collaboration with 15 ICAR Institutes and SAUs for quick and wider spread
to a large number of farmers in different parts of the country. One such collaboration with Birsa Agricultural University
(BAU), Ranchi was initiated to address the production problem of tribal farmers of Jharkhand during year 2007-08 (Rabi
Season). The specific objectives of the project are to demonstrate improved seeds of major crops and to produce quality
seed by the farmers themselves. Although, agriculture is main source of livelihood for 80 per cent of the population in
Jharkhand, it is characterized by reliance on low investment, low productivity and mono cropping with paddy as the
overriding crop. Under this collaboration suitable crop varieties of paddy, wheat, mustard, lentil and vegetables were
demonstrated on farmers' fields. Farmers were continuously giving their opinion towards selected traits of the
demonstrated improved varieties of rice. Paddy variety Pusa 2511 was preferred by the farmers due to its high yield,
aroma and long grain quality. It has been accepted and adopted by the farmers in the demonstration villages as well as
nearby villages. Rice variety Jaldi Dhan-13 was demonstrated during kharif 2012 and 2013 was liked owing to its coarse
grains for their own consumption as they perform hard physical activities and found this variety suitable for their upland
areas. Among rabi crops, wheat variety HD-2733 was liked by farmers due to its high yield, varieties HD-2985 and HD2932 due to their relatively early maturing trait. Pusa Jaikisan variety of mustard was preferred by the farmers due to its
high yield and relatively more oil content. Majority of the farmers preferred to grow mustard with wheat, due to the fact
that area under irrigation was relatively less. The farmers also revealed that varieties provided by IARI were insect-pest
and disease resistant. The paper describes the process and outcome of the IARI interventions for having its implications
among extension professionals and practitioners in India.