Perceived Constraints among Dairy Farmers in Eastern India Using Logistic Regression

Abhilash Singh Maurya; Bhartendu Yadav; Ajay Kumar Srivastava; Bhavesh; Joginder Singh Malik

doi:10.48165/IJEE.2025.614RN03

Authors

Abhilash Singh Maurya CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Bhartendu Yadav
Ajay Kumar Srivastava
Bhavesh
Joginder Singh Malik

https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.614RN03

Keywords:

constraints, farmers, dairy, Logistics Regression, Rural dvelopment, Agriculture

Abstract

The dairy sector plays a crucial role in sustaining rural livelihoods, especially among the small and marginal farmers, by providing food security, nutrition, and a regular source of income. However, these farmers often face a variety of structural and operational constraints that hinder their growth and economic development. This study investigated the key perceived constraints experienced by selected 270 Marginal-Small (MS) dairy farmers of Eastern Uttar Pradesh in the year 2024, selected through multistage stratified purposive-cum-random sampling, using logistic regression analysis. Among these, the high insurance charges emerged as the most severe factor, increasing the odds of constraint by 17 times. The model was well-fitted as indicated by a Hosmer and Lemeshow test value of 0.201 and Nagelkerke R² of 0.326, explaining about 32.6% of variance in constraints faced. The study concludes that targeted policy reforms are needed to address critical bottlenecks in the dairy sector. Overall, the findings reinforce the importance of a need-based and evidence-driven approach for inclusive rural development through dairy enterprise support.

Author Biographies

Bhartendu Yadav

Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411 (Punjab) India
Ajay Kumar Srivastava

Teaching Associate, C.S.A. University of Agri. & Tech., Kanpur
Bhavesh

Ph.D. Scholar, Western Sydney University, Australia
Joginder Singh Malik

Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension Education, CCS HAU, Hisar-125004 (Haryana) India

References

Acharya, K. K., Malhotra, R., Sendhil, R., Mohanty, T. K., & Sahoo, B. (2022). Adoption of Sustainable dairy management practices among peri-urban dairy farmers in Odisha. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(3), 120-125. https://doi.org/10.48165/

Adhikari, B., Chauhan, A., Bhardwaj, N., & Kameswari, V. (2020). Constraints faced by dairy farmers in hill region of Uttarakhand. Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 73(5). https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJDS/article/view/101128

Ali, W., Garai, S., Maiti, S., Lepcha, C. Y., Meena, D. C., & Roy, S. (2024). Attitude and knowledge of belahi cattle rearers for dairy farming practices in shivalik foothill. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 60(4), 131-135. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2024.604RN2

Asenahabi, B. M., & Ikoha, P. A. (2023). Scientific research sample size determination. The International Journal of Science & Technoledge, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i7/ST2307-008

Bahubalendra, S., Mishra, B., Jayasingh, D. K., & Anand, A. (2025). Barriers hindering tribal farm women’s access to agri-allied information. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(3), 118-122. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.613RN02

Bharne, S., Yadav, P., & Jatav, S. S. (2025). Effect of crop insurance and employment support on agricultural households’ well-being: evidence from India. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(1), 66-72. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.61112

Bhilavekar, D., Kale, N. M., & Satapathy, B. (2025). Agricultural and livelihood development of tribal communities in Melghat: challenges and recommendations. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 43(1), 57–62. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2025/v43i12672

Chandran, V., & Podikunju, B. (2020). Constraints experienced by homestead vegetable growers in Kollam District. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 57(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.48165/

Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555

Das L., Nain M.S., Singh R. & Burman R. R. (2014). Constraints in marketing of fruits as perceived by the fruit growers and NERAMAC in Assam. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 9(2), 114-117.

Derville, M., Dorin, B., Jenin, L., Raboisson, D., & Aubron, C. (2023). Inclusiveness of the Indian dairy sector: An institutional approach. Journal of Economic Issues, 57(3), 994-1017. DOI:10.1080/00213624.2023.2240182

Dhinds, S. S., Nanda. R., & Kumar. B. (2014). Problems and constraints of dairy farming in Fatehgarh Sahib District of Punjab. Progressive Research, 9(1), 250-252. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264625492_PROBLEMS_AND_CONSTRAINTS_OF_DAIRY_FARMING_IN_FATEHGARH_SAHIB_DISTRICT_OF_PUNJAB

Gupta, S. K., Gorai, S., & Nain, M. S. (2020). Methodologies for constraints analysis, Journal of Extension Systems, 36(2),22-27. http://doi.org/10.48165/JES.2020.36205

Jatav, S. S. (2024). Livelihood diversification and rural household economic security in central and Bundelkhand regions of Uttar Pradesh, India. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 60(3), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2024.60302

Kholiya, M., & Bhardwaj, N. (2024). Constraints faced by dairy farm women in managing their dairy enterprise in Uttarakhand. International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development, 7 (8), 38-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2024.v7.i8a.906

Kumar, J., Kumar, N., Baskaur, Kumar, R., & Kumar, V. (2021). Constraints faced by dairy owners in adoption of marketing and scientific dairy practices in Haryana. Economic Affairs, 66(04): 569-575. DOI: 10.46852/0424-2513.4.2021.7

Lepcha, C. Y., Asif Mohammad, & Waris Ali. (2023). Analyzing the feedback from women dairy farmers in the east district of Sikkim. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 59(2), 138-141. https://doi.org/10.48165/

Mandi, K., Chakravarty, R., Ponnusamy, K., Kadian, K. S., Dixit, A. K., Singh, M., & Misra, A. K. (2022). Impact of Jharkhand state cooperative milk producers’ federation on socioeconomic status of dairy farmers. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(2), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.48165/

Maurya, A. S., Malik, J. S., Mishra, A., Shivam., & Nimbrayan, P. K. (2023). Perception of farm households on the impact of migration of rural youth. Indian Journal of Economics and Development, 19 (2): 486-490. https://doi.org/10.35716/IJED-23021

Maurya, A. S., Mishra, A., Malik, Bhavesh, J. S., & Niwas, R. (2024). Training status and adoption of marketing channels by members of self-help Group. Indian Journal of Extension Education. 60 (3): 60-64. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2024.60312

Mishra, N., Modak, S., Padhy, C., & Badavath, A. (2025). Factors influencing farming practices towards nutrition sensitive agriculture in southern Odisha. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(3), 86-91. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.61316

Mondal, I., Bhandari, G., Sen, B., & Panja, A. (2022). Perception of urban consumers on dairy farming and milk consumption in north India. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(4), 139-143. https://doi.org/10.48165/

Nagrale, B. G. (2015). An analysis of constraints faced by dairy farmers in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 68(4). https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJDS/article/view/38636

Pal P. K., Bhutia Phubu Tshering, Das L., Lepcha Norden & Nain M.S. (2017). Livelihood diversity in family farming in selected hill areas of West Bengal, India. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development. 12(2),172-178.

Patil, A. P., Chander, M., Verma, M. R., Kumar, S., Kumari, M., & Johnson, D. C. (2024). E-readiness evaluation and training needs assessment among goat bank pashusakhis in Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 60(1), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2024.60116

Press Information Bureau, GOI. (2025, May 31). World Milk Day 2025: Sip by Sip Building A Healthier Nation. https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=151889&ModuleId=3

Sahoo, B., Saha, A., Dhakre, D. S. & Sahoo, S. L. (2022). Perceived constraints of organic turmeric farmers in Kandhamal district of Odisha. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 59(1), 107-111. https://doi.org/10.48165/

Sahu, R. K., Kumar, B., Yadav, B., Kumar, K., & Singh, P. (2022). Assessment of IFS model in context of doubling farmers' income in district Banda: A micro study. Economic Affairs, 67(4), 445-451. DOI:10.46852/0424-2513.4.2022.9

Sahu, R. K., Kumar, B., Yadav, B., Rohit, & Kumar, A. (2021). Integrated farming system in district Banda: A micro analysis. International Journal Social Sciences, 10(4), 369-373. DOI: 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.11

Saravanan K. P., Silambarasan P., Manivannan A., Sasikala V., & Sivakumar T. (2021). Constraints and management practices of dairy farming during COVID-19 pandemic situation . Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research. 40(1): 20-24. doi: 10.18805/ajdfr.DR-1620.

Singh, A., Maurya, A. S., Yadav, B., & Malik, J.S. 2024. Farmers' attitude towards organic farming in Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Extension Education. 60 (3): 33-36. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2024.60307

Singh D,, Nain M.S, Kour P., Sharma S. and Chahal V.P. (2017). A study of empowerment level of tribal dairy farm women in J&K State. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 12(1), 25-30.

Singh, A. K., Gupta, J., Singh, M., & Patel, D. (2017). Constraints faced by the dairy farmers in adopting good farming practices in Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Agricultural Science,7(4),123-130. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387822171_CONSTRAINTS_FACED_BY_THE_DAIRY_FARMERS_IN_ADOPTING_GOOD_FARMING_PRACTICES_IN_UTTAR_PRADESH

Singrimbun, M., & Effendi, S. (1995). Metode Penelitian Survey. Jakarta, LP3ES Cetakan, 2. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&cluster=5843267718676292947