Gross Morphological and Morphometrical Studies on Scapula of Malayan Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus)
216 / 21
Authors
-
Mayura Moitrayee
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., CAU-I, Aizawl
-
Pranab Chandra Kalita
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., CAU-I, Aizawl
-
Arup Kalita
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., CAU-I, Aizawl
-
Probal Jyoti Doley
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., CAU-I, Aizawl
-
Rupan Sarkar
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., CAU-I, Aizawl
-
Tolly Bora
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., CAU-I, Aizawl
-
Manish Gautom
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., CAU-I, Aizawl
Keywords:
Gross Morphology, Malayan Sun Bear, Morphometry, ScapulaAbstract
The scapula of the Malayan sun bear was a thin flat roughly quadrilateral bone occasionally showing three or four perforations near its thoracic angle. The maximum length, diagonal length, scapular width, and scapular index were 14cm, 14.6cm, 11.6cm, and 79.45 respectively. The dorsal border was thick, convex and tuberous while the cranial border was thin and straight. The distal part of the cranial border presented a deep scapular notch. The caudal border was thick and mostly occupied by the post scapular fossa. The teres major process was plate like while the infraglenoid tubercule was rough triangular. The maximal width of the supraspinous fossa was 5.5 cm, infraspinous fossa was 8.2cm and their ratio was 1:1.49.The subscapular fossa was large and ridged for muscular attachment. The scapular spine was well developed and its length and greatest height were measured to be 15 cm and 2.8 cm, respectively. The acromion process was thick and projected beyond the glenoid cavity. The metacromion process was plate like. The tuber scapula was less prominent and the coracoid process was in the form of a small tubercle. The glenoid cavity was elliptical in outline and presented a glenoid notch on its cranio-lateral aspect. Its cranio-caudal diameter, transverse diameter and the circumference were measured to be 3.2 cm, 2.5 cm and 9.2 cm respectively.
Downloads
References
Bharti, S.K. and Singh, I. 2017. Gross and morphometrical studies on scapula of blue bull (Boselephustragocamelus).International Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences, 5: 623-627.
Bordoloi, C.C., Kalita, H.C., Kalita, S.N. and Baishya, G. 1993. Scapula of the greatIndian rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis).Indian Veterinary Journal, 70:540-542.
Choudhary, O.P., Mathur, R., Joshi, S., Beniwal, G. and Dangi, A. 2013. Gross and biometrical studies on scapula of chital (Axis axis). Veterinary Practitioner, 14:224-227
Choudhary, O.P. 2015 Osteo-morphological studies of skull and appendicular skeleton of Indian blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) [Doctoral Thesis] G.B.P.U.A.T. Pantnagar, India.
Dalvi, R.S. et al. 1997. Morphometric study on scapulae of some domestic and wild animals. Tech. Bul. XII Convention and National Symposium of IAVA, pp. 43.
Davis DD 1949. The shoulder architecture of bears and other carnivores. Chicago Natural History Museum 31: 285–305.
De Iuliis, G., and Pulerà, D. 2019. The dissection of vertebrates. Academic press.
E. Evans, H. and De Lahunta, A. 2012. The skeleton. In Miller and Evans' anatomy of the dog E- book. 4th ed., pp. 127–129. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Getty, R. (2012). Sisson and Grossman's The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals (5th ed., Vols. 1–2). East-West Press Private Limited.
IUCN, 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-1.
König, H. E., Maierl, J. and Liebich, H.-G. 2020. Forelimbs or thoracic limbs (membra thoracica). In Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Animals (Eds.) H. E. König & H.-G. Liebich. 7th ed., pp. 171–184. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.
Makungu, M., Groenewald, H. B., Du Plessis, W. M., Barrows, M. and Koeppel, K. N. 2015. Thoracic limb morphology of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) evidenced by osteology and radiography. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 82: 1-10.
Nickel, R.F., Schummer, A., Seiferle, E., Frewein, J., Wilkens, H., Wille, K.H., Siller, W.G., and Stokoe, W.M. 1986. The anatomy of the domestic animals. Volume 1. The locomotor system of the domestic mammals.
Ozkan, Z.E. 2004Macro-Anatomical Investigations on the Hedgehog skeleton (Erinaceus europaeus) I-Ossa MembriThoracici. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 28: 271 -274.
Palanisamy, D., Tomar, M. P. S., Ankem, P. B., Ullakula, R. S., Jonnalagadda, N. and Korampalli, V. 2018. Gross morphology of scapula in Indian wild cat (Felis silvestris ornate: Gray, 1830). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7(4): 2473-7.
Pandey, S., Bhayani, D. M. and Vyas, Y. L. (2004): Gross anatomical study on the scapula of Asiatic lion (Panthera persica). Indian Journal of Veterinary Anatomy, 16 (1&2): 53-56.
Raghavan, D. 1964. Anatomy of ox. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, pp: 97- 117
Roșu, P. M., Predoi, G., Belu, C., Georgescu, B., Dumitrescu, I. and Raita, Ș. M. 2016. Morphometric biodiversity in cheetah thoracic limb bones: a case study. 41-45.
Sarma, K., Sasan, J. S. and Suri, S. 2017. Gross and morphometrical studies on scapula of civet cat (Viverricula indica). International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience., 5 (6): 80-5
Sarma, M., Kalita, S. N., Sarma, K. and Choudhury, K. B. D. 2007. Passive locomotor system of the shoulder region of adult elephants of Assam. Indian Veterinary Journal. 84(11):1187-1189.
Sasan, J. S., Sarma, K. and Suri, S., 2020. Gross and morphometrical studies on scapula of stump- tailed macaque ( Macaca Arctoides ) . Exploratory Animal and Medical Research. 10. 75-79.
Servheen, C., 1999. Sun bear conservation action plan. In: Servheen, C., (Eds.) Herrero, S. and Peyton, B. Bear- Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, pp. 219–222.
Siddiqui, M. S. I., Khan, M. Z. I., Moonmoon, S., Islam, M. N. and Jahan, M. R. 2008. Macro- anatomy of the bones of the forelimb of Black Bengal goat (Capra hircus). Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 6(1): 59-66.
Sohel, M. S. H., Islam, K. N. and Rahman, M. L. 2021. Anatomical features of some bones of the forelimbs of lions (Panthera leo). International Journal of Morphology, 39(2).
Sreeranjini, A.R., Indu V. Raj, Ashok N. and Harshan K. R. 2008. Gross anatomical studies of the scapula in leopard (Panthera pardus). Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 39: 47-48.
Tomar, M.P.S., A.B. Shrivastav and RakhiVaish. 2012. Comparative morphology of scapula in tiger (Panthera tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus). Indian Wildlife Year Book. 10: 71-73.
Tomar, M. P. S., Taluja, J. S., Vaish, R., Shrivastav, A. B., Shahi, A. and Sumbria, D. 2018. Gross anatomy of scapula in tiger (Panthera tigris). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(4): 547- 550.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Indian Journal of Veterinary Anatomy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
As per the copyright policy of the Journal, authors would be required to delegate all the copyrights to the association.