ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ELAEOCARPUS GANITRUS AND ACACIA NILOTICA EXTRACTS AGAINST MULTIDRUG RESISTANT ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

L. Kalaiselvi; S. Ramesh; M. Jayaraman

doi:10.56093/ijvasr.v54i6.173095

Authors

L. Kalaiselvi Associate Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Theni - 625 534
S. Ramesh Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007
M. Jayaraman Project Student, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Theni - 625 534

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijvasr.v54i6.173095

Keywords:

Mastitis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Acacia nilotica, multidrug resistance

Abstract

Bovine mastitis is a significant inflammatory disease in dairy cattle, complicated by the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among its causative pathogens. This study investigated antimicrobial resistance in pathogens causing bovine mastitis and evaluated the antibacterial activity of Elaeocarpus ganitrus and Acacia nilotica ethanolic extracts against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus (64%) and E. coli (36%) were isolated from mastitis milk samples which exhibited multidrug resistance with MAR indices >0.2. E. coli showed complete resistance to cefepime and high resistance to streptomycin (88.9%) and tetracycline (77.8%), while S. aureus exhibited complete cefepime resistance and significant resistance to gentamicin (75%), amoxicillin- clavulanic acid (62.5%), and streptomycin (62.5%). The extract yields were 9.56% and 13.66% for E. ganitrus and A. nilotica, respectively, both containing alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, and steroids. Both the extracts and their combination extracts demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant isolates. These findings suggest their potential as alternative therapeutics to combat multidrug-resistant mastitis pathogens.

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