MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE SKULL OF THE CROSS BRED CATTLE OF TIRUNELVELI DISTRICT WITH REFERENCE TO ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS

S. Rajathi

doi:10.56093/ijvasr.v44i2.173630

Authors

S. Rajathi Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli - 627 001

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijvasr.v44i2.173630

Keywords:

Morphometry, Skull, Cattle, Landmarks

Abstract

The aim of the study was to study the morphometrical measurements of the head region of adult Cross bred cattle without any apparent skeletal disorders and their clinical value for regional anaesthesia. 10 Cross Bred cattle were used and a total of 15 measurements were taken in the upper jaw and mandibles. The distance from the base of the horn to the caudal border of orbit, to mid level of dorsal arch of orbit and to rostral border of the orbit were 9.5 ± 0.22 cm, 11.5 ± 0.35 cm and 17.8 ± 0.56 cm respectively. The distance from the facial tuberosities to the infra-orbital canal and from the latter to the root of the alveolar tooth were 4.5 ± 0.06 cm and 4.0 ± 0.87 cm, respectively. The length and height of the mandible were 34.2 ± 0.72 cm and 21.0 ± 0.08 cm, respectively. The distance from the lateral alveolar root to the mental foramen and from the mental foramen to the caudal mandibular border were 4.5 ± 0.88 cm and 3.0 ± 0.32 cm, respectively. The distance from the mandibular foramen to the base of the mandible as well as from the caudal border of mandible to below of the mandibular foramen were 8.2 ± 0.11 cm and 4.5 ± 0.01 cm, respectively. The distance from the base of the mandible to the condyloid fossa and from the latter to the maximum height of the mandible were 16.2 ± 0.26 cm and 4.6 ± 0.25 cm, respectively. The distance from the caudal border of mandible to mandibular foramen and from the latter to the mandibular angle were 3.2 ± 0.97 cm and 6.6 ± 0.72 cm, respectively. These data were important landmarks with regard to the application to clinical procedure around the head of Cross bred cattle such as regional anaesthesia during dental extraction, dehorning and treating horn injury.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Dyce, K. M., Sack, W. O. and Wensing, C. J. G. (2002) Text book of Veterinary Anatomy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders.

Getty, R. (1975). Sisson and Grossman’s The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. 5th ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders.

Hall, L. W., Clarke, K. W. and Trim, C. M. (2000). Wright’s Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. 10th ed. London, ELBS and Baillierre Tindall.

Karimi, I., Onar, V., Pazvant, G., Hadipur, M. and Mazaheri, Y. (2011). The cranial morphometric and morphologic characteristics of Mehraban sheep in western Iran. Global Veterinaria. 6(2): 111-117.

Monfared, A. L. (2013). Gross anatomical measurements of the head region of the Iranian native cattle (Bos Taurus) and their clinical value for regional anesthesia. Global Veterinaria. 10(2): 219-222.

Ommer, P. A. and Harshan, K. R. (1995). Applied Anatomy of domestic animals, 1st ed. Jaypee brother’s medical publisher, India.

Shahid, R. U. and Muhammad, F. (2001). Comparative gross anatomical study of the axial skeletons of buffaloes and cows. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 21(1): 55-56.

Simoens, R., Poles, R. and Lauwers, H. (1994). Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum in pekingese dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 55: 33-39.

Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1985). Statistical Methods, 7th edn., Oxford and IBM Publishing Co., New Delhi.