Farmers' transition to improved crop varieties in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

India's agricultural development has evolved from increasing farm production to improving rural livelihoods, with initiatives such as the Farmer FIRST Programme (FFP) launched by ICAR. This program, implemented in Jhansi's Bundelkhand region by the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute (ICAR-IGFRI), promotes improved crop varieties to enhance farmer productivity and income, especially in resource-limited areas. Through FFP, high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties of wheat, pulses, groundnut, and vegetables were introduced alongside improved fodder crops, like berseem and oat. Training on agronomic practices, such as summer plowing, soil testing, and weed management, further supported farmers’ capacity building. Economic analysis of these improved varieties showed significant yield gains, enhanced income, and increased benefit cost ratios compared to traditional practices. The success of FFP highlights the importance of targeted programs in addressing the needs of farmers in challenging environments, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and rural economic growth.