Jalkund: Transforming productivity, cropping intensity, and livelihoods of hill ecosystems in North Eastern Himalayas

Abstract

The North Eastern Himalayan Region (NEHR) of India, despite abundant rainfall, faces challenges in utilizing its water resources effectively for agricultural and economic growth. The region experiences significant water loss due to its hilly terrain and inadequate water harvesting infrastructure. In this article, we examine the impact of Jalkund, a rainwater harvesting structure, in improving water management, cropping intensity, and livelihood security in hill ecosystems. Jalkunds provide a reliable water source during the dry rabi season, enabling farmers to diversify cropping systems and increase productivity. Case studies, particularly from the Chandel district of Manipur, highlight the benefits of Jalkund in transforming monocropping systems to more resilient and profitable farming practices, thus enhancing food security and farm income. The study underscores Jalkunds role in addressing water scarcity, promoting sustainable agriculture, and improving community welfare in the North Eastern Himalayas.