Herbicide tolerant crops for weed management

Abstract

Weeds are a major constraint in Indian farming, often causing greater yield losses than insects or diseases. Manual weeding is becoming less viable due to labour shortages and rising costs. Herbicide-tolerant (HT) crops provide effective, broad-spectrum weed control, reduce labour, and support resource-conserving practices like direct-seeded rice and zero-tillage. Globally, HT crop varieties in soybean, maize, cotton, and canola have delivered productivity gains but raised concerns about herbicide resistance and environmental impact. In India, non-GM imidazolinone-tolerant rice varieties (Pusa Basmati 1979, Pusa Basmati 1985, CR Dhan 807) and hybrids (SAVA 127, SAVA 134 Fullpage) are released, while HT mustard and others are under development. HT crops can cut weeding costs, boost yields, and reduce drudgery especially for women but sustainability depends on careful management. Over-reliance on one herbicide may accelerate resistance. Integrating HT crops within an integrated weed management framework and strengthening policies and extension can enhance food security and profitability.