Strategies for mitigation of moisture stress in winter season crops in hilly ecosystem

Abstract

The hilly ecosystem of northeast India experiences significant moisture stress during the winter season due to its unique topography, erratic rainfall distribution, and limited water retention capacity of soils. Although the region receives high annual rainfall, over 70% of it occurs during the monsoon months, leading to dry winter conditions that severely affect the growth and yield of rabi crops. Traditionally, farmers of these region practice several water management practices like Panikheti, Apatani, Zabo, Bamboo irrigation system, etc. focusing the judicious use of rainwater. However, range of agronomic, structural, and technological strategies can be adopted to cope up with these challenges during winter season. Efficient water management techniques such as drip and sprinkler irrigation, along with rainwater harvesting systems i.e. Jalkunds, ensure optimal use of available water resources. Conservation practices like contour farming, mulching, and minimum tillage help retain soil moisture and reduce runoff. The use of short-duration crop varieties enhances crop survival and productivity under limited water conditions. Agroforestry and intercropping systems further improve soil structure and moisture conservation. Thus, adopting an integrated approach that combines traditional knowledge with modern scientific practices is crucial for effectively mitigating moisture stress in winter crops of hilly ecosystems. These strategies not only enhance crop productivity but also contribute to the long-term sustainability of hill agriculture in the region.