Agroforestry for improving livelihood security and climate resilience in northeast India

Abstract

Agroforestry is a sustainable land-use practice combining agriculture and forestry to foster ecological, economic, and social benefits. In India, where 70% of the rural population consists of smallholder farmers, agroforestry plays a vital role in reducing pressures on natural forests while providing diversified income and improving climate resilience. Particularly in Northeast India, agroforestry has been integrated into traditional farming systems for centuries, offering solutions to land degradation, reduced agricultural productivity, and climate change adaptation. Diverse agroforestry systems practiced in the north eastern states provide valuable resources like timber, fruits, fodder, and medicinal plants. Furthermore, agroforestry contributes to rural socio-economic development, food security, and poverty alleviation. As climate change poses growing challenges, agroforestry offers a promising path toward sustainable livelihoods and enhanced environmental resilience in India, particularly for marginalized farming communities.