Mithun farming: A boon for the tribal farmers of eastern Himalaya

Abstract

In the misty, verdant hills of the eastern Himalaya, where dense forests meet rugged terrains, a unique bovine species thrives- The mithun (Bos frontalis). Revered as the equally important to humans, this unique genetic bioresource holds immense cultural, economic, and ecological significance for the tribal communities of northeast India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and parts of China. For centuries, mithun has been more than just livestock; it’s a symbol of pride, a measure of wealth, and a cornerstone of tribal traditions. Today, as the world shifts towards sustainable livelihoods and eco-friendly practices, mithun farming emerges as a potential boon for the tribal farmers of this region, offering economic opportunities, cultural preservation, and environmental benefits. This
article explores how mithun farming empowers tribal communities across the eastern Himalaya, delving into its socio-economic advantages, challenges, and future potential. With a population estimated at around 0.28 million in India (based on the 2003 livestock census), mithun farming is concentrated in states like Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. It’s growing recognition as a "food animal" by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) in 2023 further underscores its commercial promise. Through sustainable practices and scientific interventions, mithun farming could transform the lives of tribal farmers, ensuring both prosperity and the preservation of their rich heritage.