Natural farming: Embracing ecological approach for holistic development in an agro-climatic region of Bihar

Abstract

Natural farming, widely recognised as an agroecological and regenerative approach, is gaining global attention for its potential to produce safe, nutritious, and high-quality food while maintaining ecological balance. The approach seeks to enhance soil biological activity and long-term fertility through the use of locally available, low-cost, and farm-derived resources. Key practices include the regular application of cow dung- and cow urine-based formulations, efficient recycling of crop residues, incorporation of leguminous crops as intercrops and soil cover, pre-monsoon dry sowing, judicious use of irrigation, and management of soil moisture and aeration through appropriate water application. By conserving and enhancing the diversity of beneficial organisms within and around agricultural fields, it promotes greater ecological complexity and resilience. Thus, natural farming builds upon the inherent biological and ecological processes of farm ecosystems, seeking to sustain crop productivity while improving soil health, biodiversity, resource-use efficiency, and environmental sustainability.