Effect of Irrigation Water Quality, Nitrogen Doses and Microbial Inoculants on Soil Enzyme Activity and Green Pod Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Loamy Sand Alluvial Soil of Semi-Arid Region of Punjab, India
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Authors
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BK Yadav
Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda-151 001, Punjab, India
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Naveen Garg
Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda-151 001, Punjab, India
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Gulab Pandove
Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda-151 001, Punjab, India
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Anu Kalia
Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India
Keywords:
Cowpea, Green pod yield, Nitrogen levels, Saline water, Soil enzymes, Microbial inoculants, Dehydrogenase activityAbstract
A study was conducted to ascertain the effects of irrigation water quality (canal versus saline water), N doses (100% and 75% of recommended dose) and microbial inoculants [control, Burkholderia seminalis (M1), Bradyrhizobium (M2) and M1 + M2] on soil enzyme activity (dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatise) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing (DAS) and green pod yield of cowpea in South-Western Punjab, India. Irrespective of other factors, the nitrogen levels significantly influenced the dehydrogenase activity (DHA), acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and higher activity were recorded with 100% N than that with 75% N. Irrespective of other factors the irrigation water quality produced significant differences in all enzyme activities studied and 13, 35 and 48% higher activities of DHA, acid and alkaline phosphatase, respectively were recorded with canal water as compared to saline water irrigation. Similarly, irrespective of other factors, the liquid bio- fertilizers exerted significant effects on soil enzymes activity. The microbial inoculants showed 6% higher DHA and 3% higher acid and alkaline phosphatase as compared to un-inoculated control. The combined inoculation of B. seminalis and Bradyrhizobium sp. delivered better results as compared to individual application. All enzymes were increased up to 60 DAS, after that they increased in decreasing trends. The increased in green pod yield with 100% N was 8.5% as compared to 75% N level, irrespective of other factors. Besides, 7.1% higher yield was recorded with microbial inoculants as compared to un-inoculated control, irrespective of other factors and 116% higher yield was recorded with canal water as compared to saline water, irrespective of N doses and microbial inoculants.
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