COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF BIOCHAR PRODUCED FROM PIGEONPEA AND COTTON RESIDUES
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Authors
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K.C. NATARAJA*, D. BALAGURAVAIAH, CH. SRINIVASA RAO, T. GIRIDHARA KRISHNA, Y. REDDI RAMU and P. LAVANYA KUMARI
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati – 517 502
Keywords:
Biochar, Pigeonpea, Cotton, pH, CEC, Carbon recovery, Spectral propertiesAbstract
The study was conducted during 2018-19 to characterize the biochar. Biochar from two different
agricultural crop residues viz., pigeonpea (Cajanas cajan (L.) Millsp.) and cotton (Gossypium spp)
were produced under the slow pyrolysis process and studied for their physico-chemical properties,
carbon stability, recovery and spectral properties. The proximate analysis of biochars recorded higher
biochar yield (24.5%), higher fixed carbon (63.84%), lower volatile matter (5.85%) and ash (16.2%)
in pigeonpea compared to cotton biochar (yield 22.6%; fixed carbon 62.69%; volatile matter 6.90%;
and ash 18.5%). The pH of biochar from pigeonpea and cotton was 9.86 and 9.82, respectively.
Electrical conductivity (EC) values of biochar from pigeonpea and cotton are 2.04 and 2.53 dS m-1,
respectively. The nutrient concentration of derived biochar indicates enrichment of carbon and depletion
of nitrogen and other nutrient elements after slow pyrolysis process. The pigeonpea biochar had
lower bulk density (0.26 g cm-3) compared to cotton biochar (0.29 g cm-3). The CEC of pigeonpea and
cotton biochar is 44.33 and 33.86 cmol (P+) kg-1, respectively; the carbon recovery level after conversion
of the pigeonpea and cotton residues to biochar was 27.6 and 29.0 %, respectively. The typical
honey-comb like structure of pigeonpea biochar analysed through SEM micrographs revealed the
relatively porous nature of pigeonpea biochar. The study demonstrates that both pigeonpea and
cotton biochars are substantially different despite being produced under the same slow pyrolysis
process.
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