Cotton as a sustainable game changer in rice-wheat system of Indo-Gangetic plains

Abstract

Cultivating cotton as an alternative to rice in the rice-wheat cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains emerges as a scientifically sustainable substitute. Studies indicate that cotton exhibits significantly lower water requirements compared to rice, with water-use efficiency ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 kg/m3 for cotton, as compared to 4.5 to 5.5 kg/m3 for rice. This reduction in water demand is particularly relevant in an agrarian landscape grappling with water scarcity. Additionally, research highlights the positive impact of cotton on soil health and nutrient management. Cotton's deep root system enhances soil structure, with studies reporting increased soil organic carbon content by approximately 15% in cotton-based rotations compared to continuous rice systems. Furthermore, the introduction of cotton into the cropping cycle disrupts pest and disease cycles associated with monoculture rice, reducing the reliance on chemical inputs. Studies from the Indo-Gangetic Plains report a 20-30% reduction in pesticide usage in diversified cropping systems incorporating cotton. This reduction not only contributes to economic savings for farmers but also aligns with sustainable agriculture practices by mitigating environmental risks associated with excessive chemical use. The adoption of cotton also brings economic benefits, with studies indicating income diversification and enhanced profitability due to reduced input costs. In the face of climate variability, cotton's adaptability to diverse weather conditions positions it as a resilient and sustainable choice in the rice-wheat cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, offering a comprehensive solution with scientific evidence.