Nutrient deficiencies in rice-wheat systems: Symptoms, causes and amelioration

Abstract

The rice-wheat system (RWS), prevalent across diverse agro-ecological regions, faces significant nutrient management challenges due to the intensive and sequential cultivation of rice followed by wheat. This dual-cropping regimen accelerates soil nutrient depletion, leading to widespread deficiencies that compromise soil fertility and crop productivity. The deficiency symptoms of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) manifest through distinct symptoms, such as chlorosis, stunted growth, and poor yield, affecting both rice and wheat differently. Intensive farming practices, monoculture, and imbalanced fertilizer application exacerbate these deficiencies. Effective management requires balanced fertilization, regular soil testing, and targeted interventions, including specific nutrient applications and foliar sprays. Addressing these deficiencies with precision is crucial for maintaining soil health, optimizing crop yields, and ensuring the sustainability of the RWS.