Innovative mulches: Redefining soilstewardship in rainfed agriculture

Abstract

Rainfed agriculture in India remains highly vulnerable to erratic rainfall, moisture stress and soil degradation, necessitating sustainable agronomic interventions. Mulching is a vital moisture conservation practice that improves soil health and stabilises crop yields under climate variability. Conventional plastic mulches such as high-density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polypropylene and polyurethane revolutionised production systems but resulted in persistent plastic residues and soil contamination. Synthetic biodegradable mulches attempted to overcome disposal concerns, yet incomplete degradation and microplastic persistence remain challenges. Organic mulches like paddy and maize straw, though biodegradable, are often bulky, labour-intensive and inconsistent in performance. Recognising national priorities of soil health restoration, plastic reduction and climate-resilient agriculture, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research is focusing on developing innovative mulch technologies tailored for rainfed eco-systems.