Digital horticulture: Status and future prospects

Abstract

Horticulture faces significant challenges due to the variability of natural conditions such as weather, pests, soil, and climate. Indoor production in greenhouses, along with digital horticultural innovations, provides a controlled environment that can optimize conditions for crop growth. Digital horticulture integrates digital technologies like IoT, AI, and precision farming, enabling enhanced efficiency, quality, and sustainability in horticultural production. Key digital tools include remote sensors, drones, and machine learning, which support informed decision making for crop management and resource allocation. IoT and digital twins enable real-time monitoring, automation, and remote management in greenhouse settings. AI aids in pest and disease monitoring, crop health analysis, and optimal harvest timing, while precision irrigation systems increase water-use efficiency, as seen in trials on grapes, banana, and tomato crops. Digital solutions also enhance postharvest management, traceability, and e-commerce. Despite adoption challenges due to high costs, limited access, and security concerns, digital advancements are expected to transform horticulture, driving productivity, sustainability, and climate resilience in the face of evolving global food security needs.