Comparing the effect of different levels of zinc hydroxychloride with inorganic zinc sulfate on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters
Abstract views: 193
/ 
PDF downloads: 185
Authors
-
Ravi Prakash Pal
-
Veena Mani
-
Srobana Sarkar
-
Shahid Hassan Mir
-
Amit Sharma
-
Hunny Sharma
Keywords:
In vitro, Rumen fermentation, Zinc hydroxy chloride, Zinc sulphateAbstract
Optimum productivity in ruminants is positively related to efficient rumen fermentation. Apart from major nutrients in diet, micronutrients (trace elements and vitamin B complex) play an essential role in maintaining proper rumen function; however the effect depends on source and level of micronutrients supplementation.Therefore, present study was conducted to compare the effects of different sources of hydroxy and inorganic zinc on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Different levels (0, 40, 80, and 160 ppm) of Zn as hydroxy zinc chloride (Zn5(OH)8Cl2) and inorganic zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) were added in substrate consisting of roughage (sugargraze fodder; a cross of sorghum and maize) and concentrate mixture in the ratio 50:50. Inclusion of Zn as zinc hydroxychloride and ZnSO4 at different levels showed no change in total gas (mL/g DM) production. Similarly, supplementation of zinc either as zinc hydroxychloide or ZnSO4 upto160 ppm supplementation did not affect (P>0.05) in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (%) of the diet. Furthermore, no significant effect was observed in the CH4 (%, mL/24h and mL/100mg DM) and NH3-N (mg/dL) and individual fatty acid concentrations with variable sources and levels of Zn supplementation. It can be concluded from the present findings that supplementation of both hydroxy Zn and inorganic Zn up to 160 ppm had no adverse effect on in vitro rumen fermentation. Hence, hydroxy Zn can be used as an alternative source of Zn in the diet of ruminants to conventional inorganic sources.
References
Arelovich HM, Owens FN, Horn GW, Vizcarra JA (2000) Effects of supplemental zinc and manganese on ruminal fermentation, forage intake, and digestion by cattle fed prairie hay and urea. J Anim Sci 78: 2972-2979
Arelovich, HM, Laborde, HE, Amela, MI, Torrea MB, MartÃnez MF (2008) Effects of dietary addition of zinc and (or) monensin on performance, rumen fermentation and digesta kinetics in beef cattle. Span J Agric 6: 362-372
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (2005) Official methods of analysis, 18th edn. USA, Washington DC
Bateman II HG, Williams CC, Chung YH (2002) Effects of supplemental zinc in high quality diets on ruminal fermentation and degradation of urea in vitro and in vivo. The Prof Ani Sci 18: 363-367
Blummel M, Givens DI, Moss AR (2005) Comparison of methane produced by straw fed sheep in open-circuit respiration with methane predicted by fermentation characterstics measured by an in vitro gas procedure. Anim Feed Sci Technol 123: 379-390
Blummel M, Mgomezulu R, Chen XB, Makkar HPS, Becker K, Orskov ER (1999) The modification of an in vitro gas production test to detect roughage related differences in in vivo microbial protein synthesis as estimated by the excretion of purine derivatives. J Agric Sci 133: 335-340
Caldera E, Weigel B, Kucharczyk VN, Sellins KS, ArchibequeSL,Wagner JJ, Engle TE (2019) Trace mineral source influences ruminal distribution of copper and zinc and their binding strength to ruminaldigesta. J Anim Sci 97: 1852-1864
Cao J, Henry PR, Ammerman CB, Miles RD, Littell RC (2000) Relative bioavailability of basic zinc sulfate and basic zinc chloride for chicks. J Appl Poult Res 9 513-517
Chanzanagh EG, Seifdavati J, Gheshlagh FMA, Benamar HA, Sharifi RS (2018) Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on in vitro gas production of some animal and plant protein sources. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 24
Erwin ES, Marco GJ, Emery EM (1961) Volatile fatty acid analyses of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. J Dairy Sci 44: 1768-1771
Eryavuz A, Dehority BA (2009) Effects of supplemental zinc concentration on cellulose digestion and cellulolytic and total bacterial numbers in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 151: 175-183
Froetschel M.A, Martin AC, Amos HE, Evans JJ (1990) Effects of zinc sulfate concentration and feeding frequency on ruminalprotozoal numbers, fermentation patterns and amino acid passage in steers. J Anim Sci 68: 2874-2884
Hook SE, Wright ADG, McBride MBW (2010) Methanogens: methane producers of the rumen and mitigation strategies. Archaea, https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/945785
Hubbert JrF, Cheng E, Burroughs W (1958) Mineral requirement of rumen microorganisms for cellulose digestion in vitro. J Anim Sci 17: 559-568
Karr KJ Dawson KA, Mitchell JrEG(1991) Inhibitory effects of zinc on the growth and proteolytic activity of selected strains of ruminal bacteria. Beef Cattle Res Rep No 337 Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, pp 27
Kathirvelan C, Balakrishnan V (2008) Effect of Supplemental Zinc at 10 ppm on apparent, true digestibility, microbial biomass production and exploring means to overcome ill effects in Cattle. Trends Appl Sci Res 3: 103-108
Mallaki M, Norouzian MA, Khadem AA (2015) Effect of organic zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, and plasma zinc status in lambs. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci 39: 75-80
Martinez A, Church DC(1970) Effect of various mineral elements on rumen cellulose digestion. J Anim Sci 31: 982-990
Menke KH, Steingass H (1988) Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Dev 28: 7-55
Nagalakshmi D, Rao KS, Kumari GA, Sridhar K, Satyanarayana M (2016) Comparative evaluation of organic zinc supplementation as proteinate with inorganic zinc in buffalo heifers on health and immunity. Indian J Anim Sci 86: 322-328
Parashuramulu S, NagalakshmiD,Rao DS (2013) Dose response effect of dietary zinc on in vitro digestibility and gas production in sorghum based diet for buffaloes. Indian J Anim Nutr 30: 365-369
Rodriguez BT, Arelovich HM, Villalba JJ, Laborde HE (1995) Dietary supplementation with zinc and manganese improves the efficiency of nitrogen utilization by lambs. J Anim Sci 37: 1233
Sahoo A, Singh B, Bhat TK (2010) Effect of tannins on in vitro ruminal protein degradability of various tree forages. Livest Res Rural Dev 22: 1-8
Sarkar S, Mohini M, Mondal G, Pandita S, Nampoothiri VM, Gautam M (2018) Effect of supplementing Aegle marmelos leaves on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis of diets varying in roughage to concentrate ratio. Indian J Anim Res 52: 1180-1184
Sarker NC, Keomanivong F, Borhan M, Rahman S, Swanson K (2018) In vitro evaluation of nano zinc oxide (nZnO) on mitigation of gaseous emissions. J Anim Sci Technol 60: 27
Satter LD, Slyter LL (1974) Effect of ammonia concentration on microbial production in vitro. Br J Nutr 32: 194-201
Shaeffer GL (2006) Evaluation of Basic Zinc Chloride as a Zinc Source for Cattle. MS Thesis. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
Spears JW (2003) Trace mineral bioavailability in ruminants. J Nutr 133:1506-1509
Spears JW, Schlegel P, Seal MC, Lloyd KE (2004) Bioavailability of zinc from zinc sulfate and different organic zinc sources and their effects on ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions. Livest Prod Sci 90: 211–217
VanSoest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 74: 3583-3597
Vázquez-Armijo JF, MartÃnez-Tinajero JJ López D, Salem, AFZM, Rojo R (2011) In vitro gas production and dry matter degradability of diets consumed by goats with or without copper and zinc supplementation. Biol Trace Elem Res144: 580-587
Wang RL, Liang JG, Lu L, Zhang LY, Li SF, Luo XG (2013) Effect of zinc source on performance, zinc status, immune response and rumen fermentation of lactating cows. Biol Trace Elem Res 152: 16-24
Zaboli K, Aliarabi H (2013) Effect of different levels of zinc oxide nano particles and zinc oxide on some ruminal parameters by in vitro and in vivo methods. Anim Prod Res 2: 1-13