Alteration of micro-environment of animal shed through roof insulation by paddy straw - its seasonal efficacy and physiological impacts on Jersey crossbred cows
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Authors
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Dilip Kumar Mandal
D K Mandal
Principal Scientist
ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute
Eastern regional Station
A-12, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
Email: dkmandal1998@gmail.com
Keywords:
Paddy straw, Sand floor, thatch roof, insulation, temperature, crossbred cow milk.Abstract
The objective of the present study was to find out the effectiveness of roof thermal insulation by paddy straw for alteration of micro-environment in cow-shed, to measure the degree of insulation efficacy in different seasons and its impact on cardinal physiological responses of crossbred Jersey cows under loose housing system. Two types of housings were compared- (i) Modified shed (T1)- thatch ceiling under asbestos roof and partial replacement of concrete floor with sand bed and (ii) existing shed (T0) having asbestos roof and concrete floor. Experiment was conducted on 20 crossbred Jersey cows divided into two groups, ten in each and housed in two respective sheds. Under-roof insulation by paddy straw efficiently reduced the ceiling surface temperature of modified shed (T1) in all the 3 seasons of a year. The magnitude of reduction in ceiling surface temperature of T1 shed compared to T0 was 9.12, 9.81 and 2.77 °C during morning (10-00 am) and 5.16, 8.38 and 3.80 °C during afternoon (2-00 pm) of summer, rainy and winter seasons, respectively. The degree of difference in ceiling surface temperature between T1 and T0 in rainy and summer seasons was more as compared to winter, which indicated higher efficacy of thatch insulation during hotter seasons. Floor surface temperature of covered area of T1 also reduced significantly during rainy and winter seasons. Rectal temperature, breathing rate and heart beat per minute of cows maintained in thermo-comfotable shed (T1) were significantly lower compared to that of T0 both during morning and afternoon hours. Levels of discomfort of cows measured through heat tolerance indices were higher in cows kept in T1 shed compared to that of T0 shed. Milk yield (kg/d) of cows of T1 shed was significantly higher than that of T0 shed. It was concluded that paddy straw could effectively be used for under-roof insulation of dairy barn because it reduced temperature of the shed; economical and made favourable alterations of thermal micro-environment throughout the year. Among the 3 seasons, thermal insulation efficacy was better in summer and rainy compared to winter. Altered shed’s micro-environment through thermo-protection and soft flooring by sand bed reduced stress on animals, controlled increments in cardinal physiological indices and enhanced average daily milk yield of Jersey cross bred cows.
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